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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Neuron
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A cell that receives signals from other neurons or sense organs, processes these signals, and sends the signals to other neurons, muscles, or organs
the basic unit of the nervous system |
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sensory neuron
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a neuron that responds to input from sense organs
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motor neuron
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a neuron that sends signals to muscles to control movement
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inter neuron
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a neuron that is connected to other neurons, not to sense organs or muscles
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axon
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the sending end of the neuron, the long cable like structure extending from the cell body
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glial cells
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a type of cell that surrounds neurons, influences the communication among neurons, and generally helps in the "care and feeding" of neurons
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terminal button
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A structure at the end of a branch of an axon that, when the neuron is triggered, releases chemicals into the space between neurons
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dendrite
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the treelike part of a neuron that receives messages from the axons of other neurons
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resting potential
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the negative charge within a neuron when it is at rest
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action potential
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the shifting change in charge that moves down the axon
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myelin
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a fatty substance that helps impulses travel down the axon more efficiently
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synapse
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the place where an axon of one neuron can send signals to the membrane (on a dendrite or cell body) of another neuron
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neurotransmitter
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a chemical that carries a signal from the terminal button on one neuron to the dendrite or cell body of another
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acetylcholine
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muscle control
memory too much - seizures too little - paralysis |
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dopamine
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movement, perception
too much - hallucinations too little - shaking (Parkinson's) |
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serotonin
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involved in sleep, moods, emotional states
too little - no energy |
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peripheral nervous system
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somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system |
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autonomic nervous system
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involuntary
two parts - sympathetic - - parasympathetic |
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sympathetic nervous system
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triggers flight-or-fight response
part of the autonomic nervous system |
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parasympathetic
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undoes sympathetic systems functions
part of the autonomic nervous system |
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central nervous system
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the spinal cord and the brain
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corpus callosum
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the large band of nerve fibers that connects the two halves of the brain
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cerebral cortex
(cerebrum) |
the convoluted pinkish-gray outer layer of the brain, where most mental processes take place
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occipital lobe
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the brain lobe at the back of the head
concerned entirely with different aspects of vision |
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temporal lobe
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the brain lobe under the temples, in front of the ears
among its many functions are visual memory and *hearing* |
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parietal lobe
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the brain lobe across the top part of the brain behind the ears
involved in registering spatial location, attention, and motor control *registers tactile stimuli* |
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frontal lobes
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the brain lobe located behind the forehead,
seat of planning, memory search, motor control*, and reasoning emotional expression* |
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forebrain
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the cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus
90% of brain |
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thalamus
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attention
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hypothalamus
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feeding
fear fighting fornication (sex) |
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hippocampus
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new memory formation
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amyglada
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emotional responses
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medulla
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the lowest part of the lower brainstem,
plays a central role in automatic control of breathing, swallowing, and blood circulation |
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reticular formation
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a collection of small structures in the brainstem, organized into two main parts
-ascending - staying awake/alert - descending - autonomic nervous system reactions |
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cerebellum
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a large structure at the base of the brain that is concerned in part with physical coordination, estimating time, and paying attention
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hindbrain
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the medulla, pons, cerebellum, and parts of the reticular formation
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midbrain
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brain stem structures that lie between forebrain and hindbrain, including parts of the reticular formation
*small in humans controls visual processing of movement controls echolocation |
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hormones
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a chemical that is produced by a gland and can act as a neuromodulator
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neuroendocrine systems
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the system that makes hormones that affect many bodily functions and that also provides the cns with information
regulated by the central nervous system |
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twin study
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compares identical and fraternal twins to determine the relative contribution of genes to variability in a trait or characteristic
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adoption study
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characteristics of children adopted at birth are compared to those of their adoptive parents or siblings versus their biological parents or siblings
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afferent
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sensory neurons
carry information to the brain |
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efferent
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motor (movement) neurons
carry information away from the brain |