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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
the characteristics of counseling
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PROFESSION
deals w/ personal, social, work, empowerment, and edu. CONCERNS HOLISTIC APPROACH specified for functionally “NORMAL” POPULATIONS THEORY-based occurs in a STRUCTURED SETTING PROCESS in which CLIENTS LEARN how to MAKE DECISIONS & formulate NEW ways: BEHAVING, FEELING, & THINKING |
1. Prof.
2. deals w/ con 3. holistic ap. 4. specified 4 funk. norm. pop. 5. theory-bsd 6. structured set 7. process clients learn a. howto mk dec. b. form. new ways of (unholy trinity) |
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Types of people that use counseling
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[those who seek assistance with anything that falls within the counseling characteristics?]
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the importance of self-awareness
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Overarching Theme of Integration to develop a personal counseling style; Emphasis on exploration of personal values, attitudes, and beliefs to work to increase awareness
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How accepted is the notion of theoretical integration?
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95.8% claimed to be integrative in a survey conducted by the Psychotherapy Networker (2007)
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95.8%
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some examples of the different orientations
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Psychoanalytic
Adlerian Existential Person-centered Gestalt Behavior CBT REBT Reality Feminist Postmodern approaches Family systems |
11?
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Contemp. Counseling Models
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Psychodynamic Approaches
Experiential and Relationship-Oriented Therapies Cognitive Behavioral Approaches Systems and Postmodern Approaches |
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Psychodynamic Approaches
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Psychoanalytic
Adlerian |
same 1st letters:
Psych. App. Psych. Adler. |
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Experiential & Relationship-Oriented T
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Existential (therapy...)
Person-centered Gestalt |
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Cognitive Behavioral appRoaches
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Reality (therapy...)
Behavior COGNITIVE behavior RATIONAL EMOTIVE behavior |
Reality (T) is only 1 w/out "behavior"
just Be...T. EMO\RAT B.T. Cog. B. T. (CBT/computer based training, IDK) |
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Systems & Postmodern appRoaches
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Feminist (therapy...)
Postmodern (approaches) Family systems (T) |
1. Roaches after nuclear war. Post-modern Roaches.
2. Two Therapies: FFS: Fem. & Fam. Sys. |
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what is meant by a Counseling Strategy?
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SHARED basic ASSUMPTION about PERSONALITY/THERAPY
FOCUS on SPECIFIC ASPECTS of personality/therapy |
PERSONALITY/THERAPY
1) shared assumpt. 2) Spec. Asp. Focs. |
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what is the Scientific Method?
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PHENOMENON EXPLANATION with
THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTS: invented terms & building blocks of the theory (e.g. damn-rubbish-material) RELATIONAL PROPOSITIONS: relationship between constructs. |
Expl. Phen. w/ Theo. Cons. & Rela. Props.
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What is the difference between nomothetic versus idiosyncratic
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theoretical level- nomothetic
personal level- idiosyncratic |
Macro and micro levels as they apply to counseling
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What characteristics of Stan's life would be of interest to a counselor?
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1. mentions SUICIDE.
2. felt UNWANTED and UNLOVED by PARENTS. 3. Alcoholism & DUI 4. SELF-DESTRUCTIVE behavior 5. Untrusting, cannot easily form new relationships. 6. Sexual Anxiety & dear of women. 7. Repeats FEAR & ANXIETY 8. Positive: Determined, wants to change, wants to improve, etc. |
from the 1st video, and also in book p.16
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What is the distinction and importance of Counseling techniques versus Therapist personality and characteristics?
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Research suggests that clients place more value on the personality of the therapist, rather than techniques used.
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What is counter-transference?
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"any of our projections that influence the way we perceive and react to a client"
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Projections Influence Perception/React to Client
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What is the distinction between goals and values in the [therapeutic] relationship?
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VALUE-consistent LIVING is ENDLESS.
Goals: defined END result. Goals DETERMINED in context & consistence W/ VALUES. GOAL making PROCESS: COLLABORATIVE effort between counselor & client. |
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What is the importance of values
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Provide Worldview Framework beyond judgement, used in congruence w/in counseling finding answers
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World Frame Judge, Congo Counsel Answers
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What are the contextual factors of counseling?
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primary determinants of therapeutic outcome
alliance relationship therapist’s personal & interpersonal skills client agency extra-therapeutic factors |
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What are some values and positions [of counseling]?
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emphasis on individualism
separate existence of self individuation as maturity foundation decision making & responsibility rest w/ individual |
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What is multicultural counseling?
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ETHICAL OBLIGATION for counselors to DEVELOP SENSITIVITY to CULTURAL DIFFERENCES if they hope to make INTERVENTIONS are
CONSISTENT with CLIENT’S VALUES. therapist’s role is ASSIST CLIENTS making DECISIONS CONGRUENT w/ their WORLDVIEW |
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What is required for effective multicultural counseling?
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Recognize: our biases & prejudices; our values don’t apply to others
Competency in: Beliefs and Attitudes: Recognition of one’s own beliefs and attitudes Continuous striving to understand client’s worldview Knowledge of personal racial & cultural heritage & its effect; Of historical background, traditions, & values of client Skills: Acquired specific to working w/ diverse clientele; Openness and willingness |
Recognize bias prejudices, values don’t apply others, Recognition own beliefs & attitudes, strive understand client’s worldview, know personal racial & cultural heritage & effects, Know client’s historical background, traditions & values; acquired specific skills work w/ diverse clientele; open & willing
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What are some common issues that beginning counselors have to deal with?
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Dealing w/ ANXIETY
Being yourself & self-DISCLOSURE Honesty re: LIMITATIONS Understanding SILENCE Becoming aware of Your COUNTERTRANSFERENCE Sharing RESPONSIBILITY Declining ADVICE giving Developing Your Own Counseling STYLE Maintaining VITALITY as person & professional. |
ADVICE, Declining
AMBIGUITY, Tol. ANXIETIES, Dealing COMMITMENT, Lack COUNTERTRANSFERENCE, Aware DEMANDS, Dealing DISCLOSURE, Self- HUMOR, Dev. LIMITATIONS, Honest PERFECTIONISM, Avoiding RESPONSIBILITY, sharing ROLE, defining SILENCE STYLE, Yours TECHNIQUES, Appropriate VITALITY, Maintaining |
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Know the distinctions between the different types of ethics
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Mandatory: minimum professional level; liability avoidance
Aspirational/Positive: Best practices; provides best-possible standard of care |
Mandatory minimum vs. best practice
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Mandatory ethics attributes
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minimum level of professional practice; viewed as means to avoid liability
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Ethical codes: Why & What
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Educate practitioners and the general public on the responsibilities of the profession.
Provide a basis for accountability. Protect the client from unethical practices. Provide guidelines for self-monitoring and improvement of professional practice. Increasingly taking on legalistic dimensions. Deviations from the norm must be documented and explained. Can a practitioner provide best practices while focusing on liability? |
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Describe the Decision-Making Process [slide]
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Identify problem or dilemma.
Identify potential issues. Look at relevant ethics code. Consider applicable laws and regulations. Consult - Brainstorm - Enumerate Consequences Decide best course of action |
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What is Informed Consent and why is it important?
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process of informing clients about their therapy so they can make autonomous decisions regarding it.
Can be provided orally, in writing, or both. A contract Includes: General goals Responsibilities Confidentiality Legal and ethical parameters Qualifications and background Fees Services Potential benefits and risks |
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What is Confidentiality and why is it important?
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Ethical & Legal CONCEPT
PRIVILEGED Communication PRIMARY RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT factor |
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What is the Tarasoff Case?
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“…LANDMARK case which ESTABLISHED when a mental healthcare provider has a DUTY to NOTIFY a PERSON IN DANGER.”
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When does a counselor have a legal duty to break confidentiality? Name the associated legal case.
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Suspected abuse of children, elderly, or dependent adults;
Danger to self or others; Tarasoff Case (U. Cal. Bd. of Regions) |
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When is the best time (or time period) to establish the limits of confidentiality with the client?
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At the beginning?
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What are some differences between traditional counseling values and Multi-Cultural Counseling values?
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Traditional Counseling Values
Individualism Separate existence of self Individuation as the basis for personal development Individual decision making and responsibility Many of these values are in direct conflict with the values held by other cultures—collectivism. |
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Are there potential conflicts between traditional counseling values and Multi-Cultural Counseling values?
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Yes, e.g. individualism vs. collectivism
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Many of these values are in direct conflict with the values held by other cultures—collectivism.
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What is a diagnosis?
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identifying a specific categorized mental disorder based on a pattern of symptoms.
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What is the scope of importance of a diagnosis?
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Diagnosis is considered essential by some but detrimental by others…
Potential Dangers of Diagnosis: Stigma Over-identification by the client Disregard of ethnic and cultural factors Strictly for third-party reimbursement |
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What is assessment?
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evaluating relevant factors in a client’s life to identify themes for further exploration in the counseling process
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Describe boundaries and dual relationships.
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Dual/Multiple Relationships: either sexual or nonsexual, and involve counselors assuming two (or more) roles simultaneously or sequentially with a client.
Boundary: A frame or membrane around the therapeutic dyad that defines a set of roles for the participants in the therapeutic relationship; limitations on behavior and interaction between counselor and client. |
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What is an evidence-based practice?
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“the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences”
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Define Psychotherapy Integration.
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look beyond and across the confines of single-school approaches to see what can be learned from other perspectives and how clients can benefit from a variety of ways of conducting therapy.
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List the four different types of theoretical integration.
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TECHNICAL THEORETICAL ASSIMILATIVE COMMON
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What is the Therapeutic Alliance and Why is it important?
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most WIDELY STUDIED common factor
empirically VALIDATED: one of most IMPORTANT FACTORS in therapeutic change regardless of orientation |
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Describe the advantages and potential disadvantages (or problems) of Theoretical Integration.
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no single theory is comprehensive enough to account for human behavior complexities
especially when range of client types & specific problems taken into consideration. No one theory contains all the truth No single set of counseling techniques is always effective working w/ diverse populations integrative approaches hold promise for counseling practice. effective clinical practice requires flexible & integrative perspective. tailor Psychotherapy flexibly to unique needs & contexts of individual client. using identical style & treatment method for all clients inappropriate & possibly unethical. |
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What is Brief Therapy?
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Solution-focused, 6-20 sessions
BRIEF, COMPREHENSIVE, effective & FLEXIBLE Increasingly DOMINATING landscape. Requires INTEGRATIVE perspective has FUELED integrative MOVEMENT Core tasks: learn to RAPIDLY & systematically ID PROBLEMS create COLLABORATIVE RELATIONSHIP intervene w/ RANGE of METHODS |
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What is Empathy?
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DEEP & SUBJECTIVE UNDERSTANDING of/with client.
NOT SYMPATHY NOT feeling SORRY able to SHARE CLIENT’S subjective WORLD by drawing from their experiences possibly similar |
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What are active listening skills?
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Use of minimal encouragers
Open-Ended Questions REFLECTing & MIRRORing EMOtion Labeling PARAphrasing “I” messages Silence Summarization CALM demeanor SLOW voice |
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What is the ultimate goal of theoretical integration?
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reconstruct personality, achieve awareness, challenge premises, offer encouragement
develop goals & belonging, free; responsible 4 events; self-exploration climate; toward openness, trust self; increase spontaneity, find meaning; eliminate maladaptive behaviors; ID behavior influences; set treatment goals & evaluate; confront faulty beliefs & minimize change automatic thoughts, become effective, meet all psych needs; reconnect w/ people, transformation; free from gender/socialization limitations, confront discriminative or oppressive policies; change problems view & responses; SMART goals; increase positive change; create grounded competent & resourceful self-identity; help family members gain patterns awareness & create new interacting ways |
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What are some of the characteristics of effective counselors from your first homework?
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have an IDENTITY
respect & APPRECIATE self OPEN to change make life-oriented CHOICES authentic, SINCERE, & honest sense of HUMOR make mistakes & ADMIT them live in PRESENT appreciate CULTURAL influence sincere interest in others’ WELFARE possess effective INTERPERSONAL skills deeply involved in their work & derive MEANING from it PASSIONATE able to maintain healthy BOUNDARIES |
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TECHNICAL integration
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aims at selecting BEST treatment techniques 4 individual & problem. It tends to focus on differences, chooses FROM MANY approaches, & is COLLECTION of TECHNIQUES.
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THEORETICAL integration
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CONCEPTUAL or THEORETICAL creation BEYOND mere BLENDING of techniques.
goal of producing conceptual FRAMEWORK SYNTHESIZES BEST aspects of two or more theoretical approaches under ASSUMPTION: OUTCOME RICHER than EITHER theory ALONE. (contrasts technical) |
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ASSIMILATIVE integration
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GROUNDED in particular SCHOOL of psychotherapy
w/ OPENNESS to selectively INCORPORATE practices from OTHER approaches. COMBINES ADVANTAGES of single coherent theoretical system w/ FLEXIBILITY of VARIETY of interventions from multiple systems, e.g. MBCT |
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COMMON factors approach
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searches 4 common ELEMENTS ACROSS DIFFERENT theoretical SYSTEMS.
Some include EMPATHIC listening, developing working alliance, opportunity 4 catharsis, practicing new behaviors, POSITIVE EXPECTATIONS of clients, WORKING THROUGH one’s own CONFLICTS, UNDERSTANDING interpersonal & intrapersonal DYNAMICS, & learning 2 be self-reflective about one’s work. Other factors shown 2 be curative include SUPPORT, WARMTH, feedback, REASSURANCE, & credibility |
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