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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what cells myelinate the CNS and PNS
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oligo in the centrer
schwann in the peripheral |
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what are the three classes of neurons
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afferent
efferent inter |
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these hvae a sensory receptor with ltos of branching and a cell boey and long peripheral process of the axon are in the PNS and only a short central process axon enters the CNS
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afferent neuron
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this type of neuron transits information to effector cells. its cell body dendrites anda small esegment of the axon are the in the CNS with most of the axon in the pNS
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efferent neurons
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this type of neuron functions in integration and lies entirely within the CNS
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interneurons
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this neuron type is 99 percent of all neurons
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interneurons
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definition. the specialized junction between two neurons where the electrical activity of the presynaptic neuron influences the excitability of the postsynaptic neuron
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synapse
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account for 90% of the cells in the CNS
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glial cells
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what are collaterals
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axon side guys that may innervagte several tissues
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what are the four types of glial cells in the CNS
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oligodendrocytes
astrocytes microglia ependymal cells |
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these cells myelinate the CNS
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oligos
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these cell are specialized macrophage like cells that perform immune functions in the CNS
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microglia
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these cells line the fluid filled cavities between the brian and sinal cord and regulate the prouction and flow of CSF
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ependymal cells
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these cells are for biochemical support of the BBB metabolic support for neurons and other cells and regulate ions and neurotrans and scarring following injury
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astrocyte
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what glial cell is in charge of scarring in teh CNS
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astrocyte
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what glial cell is in charge of metabolic support for neurons and surroudning cells
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astrocytes
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electrical potential =
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electrical difference
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what is resting membrane potential
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-70
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the membrane potential at which the flux due to the concentration gradient is equal to the flux due to the electrical gradient
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equil potential
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what is equil potential based on
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conc gradient
electrical gradient |
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which ion is the main factor in membrane potential
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K concentration
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which ion is close to the rest membrane potential
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potassium
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why isn't resting membrane potential equal to potassium
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leak potassium channels and some Na movement
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whqta sets up the conc gradient
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atp pum Na/K
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in the pump which way do the ions k and na go
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k in na out
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review: in the pump what happens
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na goes out and k goes in to set up the gradient
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important for signaling over short distances
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graded potentials
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important for long distance signaling along nerve and muscle membranes
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action potentials
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what are three kinds of graded potentials
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synaptic
receptor pacemaker |
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can the magnitude of graded potentials vary
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yes
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which type is decremental
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graded
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definition. the ability to generate action potentials
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EXCITABILITY
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action potentials are dependent on what kind of channels
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voltage gated ion channels
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which channels are slow and which are fast
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na fast k slow (leaky)
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which is positive and whihc is negative feedback
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na positive
potassium negative |
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what is the difference between absolute and relative refractory periods
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relative can have another action potential but only if stronger due to hyperpolarization
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what is the best case scenario for fastest travel
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myelinated big diameter
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which can be depolarization or hyperpolarization
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graded
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which is depolarization ONLY
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action
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which potential is initiaed be environmental stimulus or spontaneously
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graded
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what kind of channels does graded rely on
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ligand gated
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definition specialized junction between two neurons
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synapse
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what are the two types of synapses
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electrical and chemical
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what are the most common type of synapses
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chemical
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what is the main ion for depoliarizatio in a neuron
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calcium
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what are two ways that the postsynaptic cell may be activated
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IONOTropic
metabotropic |
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are EPSP and IPSP graded
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yes
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EPSP is a graded ____
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depolarization
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is IPSP re de hyper
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hyper
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what are two ways to reach threshold
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summation spatial and temporal
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spatial or temporal. which must be the same stimulus
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temporal
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where is the highest density of voltage gated sodium channels
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initial segment
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what is the major different between neurotrans and neuromod
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neuro mod is slow and depends on G proteins
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what is long termp potentiaion
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how glutamate ruprtures ampa and nmda receptors
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when glutamate containing nuerons rupture they rlease a flodo of glutamate that overstimulates ampa and nmda receptors which is called
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excitotoxicty
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definiton activated by neurotrans and other chemcial messengers released by nearby neurons glia or the axon terminal itself
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autoreceptors
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what are the six classes of neurotrans
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BANAM
biogenic amines ach neuropeptides aa misc |
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what are the biogenic amines
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catechol
seratonin histamine |
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what are the catechols of the biogenic amines
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DA NE EPI
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what are the aas
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excite glutamate
inhibit glycine GABA |
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what are the catechols derived from
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tyrosine
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what is serotonin derived from
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tryptophan
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what are the receptors for NE and EPI
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ADRENERGIC
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what are the receptors for ach
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nicotinic and muscarinic
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what enzyme regulates the synaptic levels of ach
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acetylcholinesterase
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what are the most prevalent neurotrans in the CNS
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AMINO ACIDs aka glutamate and GABA
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what are the receptors for glutamate
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ampa nmda
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group of nerons in the PNS
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ganglia
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group of neurons in the CNS
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nuclei
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group of many axons
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nerve
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group of axons traveling together and links the R and L hemispheres of the CNS
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commuissure
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a tract; goup of axons taveling together in the CNS
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pathway
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what are the subdivisions of the brain
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DCBC
dienceph cerebrum cerebellum brainstem |
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forms tghe major output with axons reachign other parts of the cortex and CNS
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pyramidal cells
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