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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
morality
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consists of the standards that an individual or a group has about what is right and wrong or good and evil.
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ethical absolutism
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states that one and only one corect morality exisits
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ethical relativism
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denies the existance of a single, universally applicable moral standard.
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consequentialist theory
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measures the morality of an action by its non-moral consequences.
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ethical egoism
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states that we act morally when we act in a way that promotes our own best long term interests.
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hedonism
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is the ethical philosophy which holds that only pleasure is worth having for it's own sake.
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utilitarianism
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asserts that the standard of morality is the promotion of everyone's best interest.
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act utilitarianism
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contends that we should act so as to produce the greatest happiness for the most people.
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rule utilitarianism
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means that we should act so that the rule governing our actions produce the greatest happiness for the most people.
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divine command theory
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the nonconsequentialist normative theory that says that we should always do the will of God.
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categorical imperative
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states that we should do something only if we can will the maxim, or general rule, goverening our action to become a universal law.
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virtue ethics
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in ethics, the positionthat the moral life should be concerned with cultivating a virtuous character rather than following rules of actions.
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virtue
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in ethics, a morally good character trait, such as honesty, courage, or integrity
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excusability
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the concept that under certain circumstances people are not morally responsible for their decisions and conduct.
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determinism
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the theory that everything that occurs happens in accordance with some regular pattern or law.
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libertarianism
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in metaphysics, the view that determinism is false and that people are free to choose to act other than they do; in social philosophy, the view that the right to freedom from restraint takes priority over all other rights.
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nonconsequentialist theory
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states that the morality of an action depends on factors other than consequence.
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compatibilism
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befief that people cannot choose to act against their individual characters.
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social philosophy
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the application of moral principles to the problems of freedom, equality, justice, and the state.
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contract theory
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in social philosophy, the doctrine that individuals give up certain liberties and rights to the state, which in turn guarentees such rights as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
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eternal law
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for Aquinas, God's decrees for the governance of the universe.
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natural law
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a pattern of necessary and universal regularity; a universal moral imperative, a description of what ought to happen in all human relationships
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human law
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for Aquinas, specific codes of justice that apply to a particular group, society, or community
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right
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in ethics, a justified entitlement to something
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