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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is siddhartha's critique of the self?
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no permanent self-if bundles that create the self are always changing then the self cannot be permanent, no control over bundles therefore no self:
no self doctrine is key to attain nirvana |
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What is the self made up of according to Siddhartha?
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five bundles/skandhas:
form (material shape, our body) feelings formations (acts of the will) perceptions (sensations) consciousness |
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Explain why some thinkers have claimed Siddhartha's view is inconsistent with the belief of reincarnation
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there is nothing to be reincarnated
there is no self meaning no soul, meaning after death nothing is left |
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Why might one interpret Plato’s theory of forms as a response to Heraclitus?
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He was trying to prove that not everything is in flux because forms never change
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What are Heraclitus’s positions?
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Everything is in constant flux
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What is Plato’s theory of forms?
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The intelligible world
• Outside time and space • Consists of forms such as a tree (treeness) • One gathers the idea of what a tree is • Can therefore determine what objects are trees because they have treeness • Sensible things are only partly real because they only resemble its corresponding form • Things in intelligible world are unchanging and perfect |
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Address the ontological and epistemological significance of Plato’s forms
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Ontological
• Mathematics only see representations • Exist in form land • Number two • Triangles Epistemological • Things are not invented yet, therefore we could not have seen them in form land • Must have forms in order to know mathematics • Know about pairs yet the number two does not actually exist in real land |
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Describe the steps of the Socratic method
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Profess ignorance
Ask questions Aim at truth |
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What does the Socratic method aim at doing?
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Help the other person think more deeply and systematically about some significant issue
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How does Socrates specifically show Euthyphro that Euthyphro’s initial definition of impiety is incoherent?
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He tells him that if what is dear to the gods is pious then some things are both pious and impious because what is loved by one god may not be loved by all
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What is the first definition Euthyphro provides of impiety?
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What is dear to the gods
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How does Socrates demonstrate that Euthyphro’s definition of impiety is insufficient?
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Some things are dear to certain gods and not to others
•The same thing could be both pious and impious |
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Explain Plato and Aristotle’s evaluation of Greek tragedy
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Aristotle
• Defends it • Artists give us a greater understanding of the universal that lies within the particular Plato • Hates it • Says they are horrible imitations and are nothing compared to forms |
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Do Plato and Aristotle welcome all poets to the ideal political state?
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Aristotle welcomes poets, plato does not
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Why does Aristotle write about catharsis?
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To defend his position on artists
• It allows people to release their dark sides |
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Do you agree with either thinker?
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I agree with Aristotle
• Although art is not perfect it gives us knowledge in another form that is sometimes easier to grasp • It also allows people to show their dark side in a manner that is not harmful |
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In the Nichomachean Ethics, what is Aristotle’s Golden Mean?
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The middle between excess and deficiency for oneself
Not giving or taking too little or too much |
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What does the golden mean have to do with virtue?
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Only good virtues
Not bad such as murder, theft, or adultery |
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Examples of the Golden Mean
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Giving-don’t give all you have, but give some
Don’t eat too much, but don’t starve yourself Don’t be a coward, but don’t be foolish w confidence |
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How does Epicurus understand phronesis (prudence, practical wisdom) and the nature of the good life?
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Good life is accessible
Will the pleasures you choose add up to greater pain? Will the minor pains add up to greater pleasure? All things are done with the goal of happiness/pleasure To be good is to be like gods |
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What specific advise does Epicurus endorse?
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Seek wisdom
Do not fear death Seek most pleasant life not the longest If pain eventually brings a greater pleasure, deal with it Secure health of body and tranquility of mind |
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How does Democritus differ in his philosophy from Epicurus
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Epicurus believes in free will
Democritus believes all things are governed by necessity |
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According to Epictetus the Stoic, what specific things are within our control?
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Opinion
Desire Pursuit Aversion Our own actions Things that bring blame or praise |
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According to Epictetus what are outside of our control?
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Body
Property Reputation Command Things that are not our own actions |
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What specific advice does Epictetus endorse?
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-Worry only about things in your control
-Only avoid things in your control, so that you will never come upon something you wish to avoid -Only desire things in your control, you will never be disappointed -Find delight in general things, such as kissing humans, not a wife -Don’t find pride in what is not yours -Don’t demand wishes to come true wish things to happen as they happen |
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Compare Epictetus's ethics with Aristotle
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Differences
• Aristotle says emotions are rational, while Epictetus says people should detach themselves from emotions Similarities • Both believe the goal of all actions is happiness/pleasure |
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What are arguments?
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Passages which purport to support or prove a statement
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What are two components in every argument, explain the functions of these components
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Premises-support evidence
Conclusion-statement to be proved |
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Provide four conclusion indicator words
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Therefore
Consequently As a result Accordingly |
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Provide four premise indicator words
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Since
Because Given that As indicated by |
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What is the difference between inductive and deductive arguments?
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Inductive
• 1-99%, probability, degrees of support, predictions Deductive • 0% or 100% support or proof • Math, necessity |
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What is ethical relativism?
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Moral right or wrong may differ from person to person or culture to culture
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Define and explain what position ethical relativism holds in precise detail
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-Right and wrong cannot be judged by comparing one’s actions to another’s beliefs
-Wife beating is wrong in US but accepted in other countries |
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State the chronological order in which the following world religions appeared: judaism, chrisianity, buddhism, islam, hinduism
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Hinduism
Judaism Buddhism Christianity Islam |
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What charges does Socrates defend himself against in Plato’s apology?
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Corrupting youth
Making up gods |
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What does Socrates suggest they do with him?
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Give him a meal (jokingly)
Pay a fine |
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What do they do with Socrates?
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Sentence him to death
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