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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what happens to total body water with age
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decreases with age. for water soluble drugs volume of distribution decreases with decreased body water. for fat soluble drugs volume of distribution increases with decreased body water.
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does anything happen to renal function by age 50?
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25% of renal function is lost.
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what happens to excretion with age
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neonates and infants: not well developed. elderly: excretion is beginning to fall apart. therefore higher than adult drug concentrations.
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what is therapeutic index
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lethal dose 50/effective dose 50.
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what differences do you see between the sexes for physiological variables
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mean body weight, total body water, and fat. you should worry about obese people and lean males
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what are the two types of tolerance
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pharmacodynamic (tolerance at the level of tissue acted upon) and pharmacokinetic (tolerance because of increased breakdown)
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what are the two types of desensitization
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they are examples of pharmacodynamic tolerance. homologous desensitization: tolerance at one receptor. heterologous desensitization: tolerance that affects more than one receptor (tolerance later on in the signaling cascade that's common to both receptors)
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what are three ways that homologuous desensitization happens
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covalent modification (e.g. beta arrestin prevents G protein binding), destruction of receptor, internalization
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what does a deficient G-6PD do
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don't make enough NADPH which is used to keep glutathione in reduced form. no NADPH RBC rupture if given drugs that used up glutathione reductase.
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what does a deficient plasma cholinesterase do
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it is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker that is usually short acting which is good for surgery. deficient plasma cholinesterase = longer respiratory help after surgery cause succinylocholine lasts too long.
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what does the distribution curve for acetylation speed look like
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bimodal distribution for slow and fast acetylators
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who is more likely to have G6PD deficiency
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sephardic male jews, black americans
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summation definition
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additive effect definition but don't have to have the same mechanism of action
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additive effect definition
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used in those cases where the combined effect of two drugs acting by the same mechanism is equal to what you'd expect after simple addition
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synergism
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joint effect of two drugs is greater than the algebraic sum of their individual effects. the major problem for drug interactions instead of additive effects or synergism
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when and where can drugs interact
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drug bottle, during absorption, plasma protein binding, receptor level at cells, biotransformation, kidney excretion, etc
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