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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following statements regarding class III anti-arrhythmia drugs such as Amiodarone is Correct?
a) May display toxicity to thyroid and lungs b) Can behave as a partial Beta-adrenergic antagonist (beta-blocker) c) Attenuate the action potential (phase 0 depolarization) d) Block Na+ channels to increase repolarization currents |
Block Na+ channels to increase repolarization currents
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Which of the following drugs is a Ca++ channel blocker used to treat arrhythmias?
a) Lidocaine b) Flecainide c) Pindolol d) Diltiazem e) Midazolam |
Diltiazem
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Which effect would be observed if binding of Angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor were inhibited?
a) Decreased vasoconstriction b) Increased blood pressure c) Increased Na+/H2O retention d) Increased afterload |
Decreased vasoconstriction
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All of the following statements regarding isoproterenol are correct Except that it
a) Binds with poor affinity to beta-adrenergic receptors b) Produces peripheral vasodilation c) Is a good bronchodilator d) Increases cardiac output |
Binds with poor affinity to beta adrenergic receptors
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The Ca++ blocker nifedipine reduces myocardial ischemia/angina by which of the following mechanisms?
a) Reducing activation of alpha1 adrenergic receptors b) Decreasing blood pressure and dilating coronary arteries c) Dilating coronary arteries and increasing myocardial wall tension d) Enhancing growth of collateral vessels |
Decreasing blood pressure and dilating coronary arteries
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Spironolactone is effective in the treatment of hypertension because it?
a) Behaves as a beta adrenergic antagonist (beta blocker) b) Blocks Ca++ channels c) Blocks aldosterone effects on the kidney d) Blocks acetylcholine binding |
Blocks aldosterone effects on the kidney
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Losartan or libesartan administration reduces blood pressure by which of the following reasons or mechanisms?
a) They are highly selective angiotensin II receptor antagonists b) They are both potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors c) They are both Ca++ channel blockers d) They both increase the production of aldosterone |
They are highly selective angiotensin II receptor antagonists
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Niacin at high doses can be used as an antihyperlipidemic agent because it?
a) Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase b) Acts to inhibit transcription of proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism c) Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue d) Removes bile acids from the GI tract e) Directly inhibits cholesterol uptake by the liver |
Inhibits lypolysis in adipose tissue
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Statins like Mevacor and lipitor are antihyperlipidemic agents because they
a) Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase b) Act to inhibit transcription of proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism c) Inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue d) Remove bile acids from the GI tract e) Directly inhibit cholesterol uptake by the liver |
Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
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Which of the following drugs, used as an anti-anginal agent, must be administered sublingually?
a) Captopril b) Furosemide c) Isosorbide dinitrate d) Nitroglycerin e) Atropine |
Nitroglycerin
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Which of the following drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease would be contraindicated for someone undergoing major oral surgery?
a) Nitroglycerin b) Captopril c) Aspirin d) Furosemide e) Propranolol |
Aspirin
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Which of the following drugs is used to prevent deep vein thrombosis?
a) Atropine b) Aspirin c) Heparin d) Vitamin K e) Streptokinase |
Heparin
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Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are used clinically for all of the following indications Except?
a) Treatment of cardiac systolic dysfunction b) Therapy of normal renin associated hypertension c) Management of hypokalemia d) Treatment of acute coronary thrombosis and pulmonary edema e) Prevention of cardiac remodeling in hypertensive states |
Management of hypokalemia
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Nearly 2/3 of filtered sodium is reabsorbed in which segment of the nephron?
a) The proximal renal tubules b) The thin descending limb of the loop of Henle c) The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle d) The distal convoluted tubules e) The collecting ducts |
The proximal renal tubules
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Which portion of the nephron utilizes the greatest amounts of ATP?
a) The proximal renal tubules b) The thin descending limb of the loop of Henle c) The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle d) The distal convoluted tubules e) The collecting ducts |
The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
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Which one of the following combinations of diuretic drugs is least effective?
a) Bumetanide and hydrochlorothiazide b) Furosemide and triamterene c) Hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride d) Spironolactone and triamterene e) Spironolactone and furosemide |
Spironolactone and Triamterene
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Furosemide can produce all of the following effects Except
a) Hypokalemia b) Acute renal failure c) Toxicity similar to that of sulfonamides d) Enhanced renal excretion e) Metabolic alkalosis |
Enhanced renin secretion
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All of the following diuretics act at the lumenal side of renal tubules Except
a) Hydrochlorothiazide b) Triamterene c) Ethacrynic acid d) Bumetanide e) Spironolactone |
Spironolactone
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All of the following ions are important in generating currents during each cardiac cycle Except?
a) Ca++ b) K+ c) Mg++ d) Na+ |
Mg++
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Which of the following receptors is important for sensing short term changes in blood pressure?
a) Beta1 adrenergic receptors b) Baroreceptors c) Chemoreceptors d) Dopamine receptors e) Nicotinic cholinergic receptors |
Baroreceptors
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Which tissue is responsible for the pacemaker potentials that control contraction of the heart?
a) Atrioventricular node b) Bundle of His c) Purkinje fibers d) Sinoatrial node e) Ventricular myocardium |
Sinoatrial node
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All of the following pairs of agents and actions or agents and receptors occur physiologically in normal individuals Except
a) Acetylcholine - muscarinic receptors b) Angiotensin II - vasoconstriction c) Epinephrine - dopamine receptors d) Epinephrine - vasodilation e) Norepinephrine - alpha adrenergic receptors |
Epinephrine - dopamine receptors
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All of the following drugs are antiinflammatory Except?
a) Ibuprofen b) Naproxen c) Acetaminophen d) Aspirin e) Prednisone |
Acetaminophen
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A patient who has been taking large quantities of aspirin might show increased postoperative bleeding because aspirin inhibits
a) Synthesis of thromboxane and prevents platlet aggregation b) Synthesis of prostacyclin and prevents platelet disaggregation c) Synthesis of prostaglandins and prevents production of blood platelets d) Thrombin and prevents formation of the fibrin network e) Intestinal absorption of vitamin K and prevents synthesis of blood clotting factors |
Synthesis of thromboxane and prevents platelet aggregation
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Which of the following pharmacologic actions is NOT produced by prostaglandins?
a) Pyrexia b) Uterine contraction c) Increased gastric acid secretion d) Increased capillary permeability e) Increased sensitivity to pain upon intradermal injection |
Increased gastric acid secretion
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Which of the following conditions or effects does NOT result from prolonged treatment with corticosteroids?
a) Gastric ulcer b) Osteoporosis c) Hyperglycemia d) Skeletal muscle atrophy e) Redistribution of body fat |
Gastric ulcer
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All of the following agents useful for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis can be used simultaneously with anakinra Except?
a) Aspirin b) Celecoxib (celebrex) c) Infliximab d) Methotrexate e) Prednisone |
Infliximab
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The most prominent acute toxic effect associated with acetaminophen use is?
a) hemorrhage b) renal necrosis c) hepatic necrosis d) gastric ulceration e) respiratory alkalosis |
Hepatic necrosis
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Which of the following drugs is an effective antitussive?
a) Ibuprofen b) Dextromethorphan c) Guaifenesin d) Aspirin e) Acetaminophen |
Dextromethorphan
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Receptors which mediate the primary effects of opioids are?
a) Presynaptic transporters of amines b) Membrane proteins activated by endogenous peptides c) Enzymes which convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins d) NMDA and glutamate receptors e) Present in the brain but not the spinal cord |
Membrane proteins activated by endogenous peptides
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All of the following terms have a distinct medical meaning or definition Except?
a) Opioid b) Opiate c) Dependence d) Addiction e) Narcotic |
Narcotic
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All of the following bind to opioid receptors Except?
a) endorphins b) enkephalins c) naloxone d) substance P e) dynorphins |
Substance P
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All of the following effects are commonly produced by administration of an opioid Except?
a) respiratory depression b) nausea c) constipation d) tolerance e) smooth muscle relaxation |
Smooth muscle relaxation
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Which of the following agents sensitizes peripheral nerve endings to noxious and/or painful stimuli?
a) Bradykinin b) Serotonin c) Histamine (itching) d) H+ (acid) e) Prostaglandins |
Prostaglandins
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All of the following effects can be produced by administration of an opiod Except?
a) Suppression of the cough reflex (antitussive) b) Elevation of mood c) Constriction of pupils d) Inhibition of vomiting (antiemetic) e) Stimulation of release of histamine from mast cells |
Inhibition of vomiting (antiemetic)
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Which of the following agents is LEAST likely to produce either physical dependence or addiction?
a) Codeine b) Morphine c) Oxycodone d) Hydrocodone e) Tramadol |
Tramadol
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A 57 year old person receiving propranolol (beta blocker) for hypertension presents with an acute allergic asthma attack. Which of the following treatments is specifically contraindicated?
a) Ipratropium bromide (anti-cholinergic) b) Loratadine (anti-histamine) c) Budenoside (Pulmocort or Rhinocort) d) Albuterol e) None of the above |
Albuterol
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Which of the following classes of bronchodilators is MOST effective in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
a) Anticholinergics b) Beta-adrenergic agonists c) Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists d) Corticosteroids e) Methylxanthines |
Anticholinergics
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Bronchoconstriction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to epithelial damage occurs by what mechanism?
a) Loss of endogenous beta-agonist release leading to increased smooth muscle contraction b) Activation of exposed sensory nerve fibers leading to acetylcholine release and cholinergic bronchoconstriction c) Increased inflammatory mediator release leading to smooth muscle oxidative damage d) Loss of epithelial derived acetylcholine release leading to increased bronchoconstriction e) None of the above |
Activation of exposed sensory nerve fibers leading to acetylcholine release and cholinergic bronchoconstriction
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Anti-leukotrienes and antihistamines are both used as treatments for allergen-induced asthma. These compounds are best used
a) prophylactically to prevent allergen-mediated responses b) in response to an acute asthmatic attack due to their fast action c) in combination with anti-cholinergic agents d) In combination with beta-adrenergic antagonists (beta-blockers) |
Prophylactically to prevent allergen-mediated responses
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Which statement accurately describes the mechanisms of action of corticosteroids?
a) Fast-acting anti-inflammatory due to increased calcium release stimulated in inflammatory cells, especially Mast cells b) Bind selectively to epithelial cells leading to endogenous beta-agonist release c) Slow-acting agents that influence protein expression by binding to nuclear receptors which then bind directly to specific DNA sequences d) Fast-acting agents that increase chloride secretion across epithelial cells leading to improved airway clearance e) Fast-acting agents that bind to membrane receptors and elevate Ca++ |
Slow-acting agents that influence protein expression by binding to nuclear receptors which then bind directly to specific DNA sequences
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Which of the following drugs has an antihypertensive effect at low doses and an antidiuretic effect at high doses?
a) Bumetanide b) Lisinopril c) Spironolactone d) Hydrochlorothiazide e) Losartan |
Hydrochlorothiazide
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Leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid and are potent mediators of allergic asthmatic responses. Which of the following therapies would NOT ameliorate leukotriene effects?
a) Increased expression lipocortin-1 after corticosteroid treatment b) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity by aspirin or ibuprofen leading to reduced prostaglandin synthesis c) Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase activity leading to reduced 5-HPETE formation d) Receptor blockade using "lukast" drugs |
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity by aspirin or ibuprofen leading to reduced prostaglandin synthesis
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Which of the following is a concern with prolonged, repeated use of beta-receptor agonists for the treatment of acute asthmatic exacerbations?
a) Negative regulation of corticosteroid receptor function resulting in reduced steroid effectiveness b) Secondary release of acetylcholine leading to cholinergic airway contraction c) Increased mast cell recruitment leading to more severe allergic responses d) Beta-receptor desensitization via beta-receptor kinase (betaARK) activation e) None of the above |
Beta-receptor densensitization via beta-receptor kinase (betaARK) activation
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In the electrocardiogram, the QRS complex corresponds to approximately what part of the action potential?
a) Phase 0 to 1 b) Phase 1 to 2 c) Phase 2 to 3 d) Phase 3 to 4 e) Phase 4 to 0 |
Phase 0 to 1
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While effective in the treatment of congestive heart failure, Beta adrenergic antagonists (beta blockers) can also used to treat arrhythmias because they
a) are excreted soley through the kidneys b) have no effect on the A-V node c) reduce ventricular response to atrial fibrillations d) have no effect on mortality |
Reduce ventricular response to atrial fibrillations
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Cholestipol is used as an antihyperlipidemic agent because it
a) Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase b) Acts to inhibit transcription of proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism c) Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue d) Removes bile acids from the GI tract e) Directly inhibits cholesterol uptake by the liver |
Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue
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Which of the following drugs would likely be used to treat sinus tachycardia?
a) Atropine b) Isoproterenol c) Propranolol d) Lidocaine e) Verapramil |
Propranolol
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All of the following statements describe a known effect of corticosteroid treament Except?
a) Decreased recruitment of eosinophils b) Increased expression of beta receptors on smooth muscle cells c) Decreased cytokine expression from T-lymphocytes and macrophages d) Reduced mucous secretion from glands e) Increased mast cell recruitment and histamine release |
Increased mast cell recruitment and histamine release
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Which of the following sequences correctly describes the order of the conduction pathway for the cardiac action potential?
a) AV node - SA node - Internodal pathways - Purkinje fibers - Ventricular myocardium b) AV node - SA node - Purkinje fibers - Internodal pathways - Ventricular myocardium c) Internodal pathways - SA node - Purkinje fibers - AV node - Ventricular myocardium d) Purkinje fibers - SA node - Internodal pathways - AV node - Ventricular myocardium e) SA node - AV node - Internodal pathways - Purkinje fibers - Ventricular myocardium |
SA node - AV node - Internodal pathways - Purkinje fibers - Ventricular myocardium
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Diuretics such as furosemide are used to treat congestive heart failure because they?
a) Increase pulmonary congestion b) Decrease plasma volume c) Display and afterload effect d) Increase oxygen demand |
Decrease plasma volume
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Which effect Best describes the mechanism of action of digoxin, a digitalis glycoside used in treatment of congestive heart failure?
a) Decrease systolic force of contraction b) Activates Na+ K+ exchange in cardiac muscle c) Decreases the influx of Ca++ d) Increases cardiac output |
Increases Cardiac Output
due to inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase pump |
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Angiotesin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as Captopril are effective in the treatment of congestive heart failure because they are
a) afterload reducing agents b) preload reducing agents c) direct vasoconstrictors d) direct vasodilators e) effective in increasing sodium and water retention |
Afterload reducing agents
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Which of the following is a beta-adrenergic antagonist (beta-blocker) used in the treatment of congestive heart failure?
a) Lidocaine b) Propranolol c) Verapamil d) Enalapril e) Digoxin |
Propranolol
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Which of the following reasons Best explains why lidocaine can be used to treat arrhythmias?
a) Ineffective against atrial flutters and atrial fibrillations b) Blocks activated Na+ channels c) Increases conduction velocity d) Increases phase 4 depolarization e) Blocks closed K+ channels |
Blocks activated Na+ channels
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