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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
To treat urinary retention what ANS drug would you use?
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Cholinergic drugs improve bladder tone and relaxes sphincter
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What ANS drug would be used to treat urinary incontenance?
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Anti-Cholinergic drugs relax bladder tone and tighten sphincter
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These drugs are given to prevent nausea which helps prevent vomitting
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anti-emetics
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What part of the brain has receptors that trigger nausea?
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Medulla
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T/F Nausea happens when receptors on the GI mucosa send a signal to the receptors in the brain that something is wrong.
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TRUE
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This drug is a phenothyazine that has an anti-histamine/anti-emetic effect. Most commonly used drug given to TREAT nausea
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Phenergan
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These drugs are
anti-cholinergic/anti-histamines that prevent nausea (3) |
-Dramamine
-Anivert -Vistaril |
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This drug is an anticholinergic drug that does not have an effect on histamines but prevents nausea. If a person is allergic to Vistaril this drug is likely to be administered.
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Hyoscine
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These types of drugs block receptors associated with nausea and vomitting in the GI tract and the medulla. Example (1)
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5-HT3 receptor blockers
Ex- Zophran |
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This drug class was created for extreme nausea and vomitting. It is stronger than Zophran and completely shuts down CTZ receptors
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Substance P
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This class consists of drugs that were extracted from marijuana to provide a highly effective anti-emetic. Also helps with psychosis and violent behaviors.
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Cannabinoids
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This class of drugs help with nausea by coating and deactivating GI receptors. Examples (2)
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Antacids
-Malox -Tums |
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This drug class promotes peristalisis is often given before a meal and helps to prevent nausea and vomitting. Examples (2)
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Anti-dopamine (antagonists)
-Reglan -Tigan |
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Most important nursing consideration related to nausea and vomitting.
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MUST find out reason for nausea and vomitting.
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T/F
Try non-pharmicological ways to treat nausea before administering drugs. |
True
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What is the risk with administering anti-dopamine drugs?
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They can induce parkinsons like symptoms due to decreased dopamine.
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This class of drugs helps to prevent fluid and electrolyte imbalances due to to much GI motility.
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Anti-diarrheal drugs
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This class of very powerful drugs is used in severe casses of diarrhea. Is not used often but was mainly used in children, has many side effects (1)
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opiates
-paragoric |
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Opiate related drug examples?
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-immodium
-lomotil |
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This drug was first used in the 1900s as an anti-psychotic agent. Found it works well for diarrhea, does cause drowsiness
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lomotil
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This class of drugs treats diarrhea by absorbing some of the moisture which increases the viscosity.
Example (1) |
Absorbants
-kayopectate |
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Nursing Considerations For Diarrhea (5)
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-determine the cause of diarrhea
-diarrhea causes decrease in electrolytes, fluids, hydration, and weight. Also, causes an acid imbalance -Excess use of anti-diarrheals can lead to constipation which can lead to impaction. -Standard saftey considerations due to drowsiness. -Monitor for skin breakdown |
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What is the difference between stool and feces?
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Stool is inside the GI tract
Feces is outside of body. |
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What are the 3 things necessary for a BM?
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1. Adequate water intake
2. GI motility 3. Appropriate amount of fiber |
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(Def)
Difficulty defecating |
Constipation
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(Def)
Not defecating at all |
Obstipation
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Differance between laxatives and stool softeners
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Laxatives are intestinal irritants that work directly on the GI tissue to stimulate a BM.
Stool softeners prevent future stools from being hard by bringing water from outside the GI tract in to provide more moisture for passing of stools. |
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Mineral oil, Surfak, and Colace are all examples of what?
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Stool softeners
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This class of stool softners works by bringing H20 from outside the GI tract in to help pass stools.
Ex (2) |
Osmotic stool softeners
-Lactulose and Miralax |
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This stool softener can also be perscribed for liver dysfunction bc it binds to ammonia.
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-Lactulose
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Senikot, Ducolax, Castor Oil, and Cascara are all examples of?
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Laxatives
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This laxative can be administered prophilactically and is one of the most common perscribed.
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Senikot
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This common laxative is given to stimulate motility when a BM is needed ASAP.
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Ducolax
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Because castor oil tastes horrible and causes severe GI upset this drug was manufactured by isolated certain molecules in castor oil to reduce the side effects.
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Cascara
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These types of drugs can act locally or systemically to prevent ulcerations.
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antacids
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This local antacid coats the mucosa of the GI tract to prevent ulceration.
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Malox
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This systemic antacid works on acid production.
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Alkaseltzer
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This systemic histamine 2 blocker prevents acid production.
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Tagamet
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This systemic drug reduces acid production by inhibiting the proton acid pump.
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Nexium
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These digestive enzymes slow down digestion to increase mucosa which prevents ulceration. Example
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Pepsin Inhibitors
-Carafate (sucralfate) |
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This class of drugs treats diarrhea by absorbing some of the moisture which increases the viscosity.
Example (1) |
Absorbants
-kayopectate |
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Nursing Considerations For Diarrhea (5)
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-determine the cause of diarrhea
-diarrhea causes decrease in electrolytes, fluids, hydration, and weight. Also, causes an acid imbalance -Excess use of anti-diarrheals can lead to constipation which can lead to impaction. -Standard saftey considerations due to drowsiness. -Monitor for skin breakdown |
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What is the difference between stool and feces?
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Stool is inside the GI tract
Feces is outside of body. |
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What are the 3 things necessary for a BM?
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1. Adequate water intake
2. GI motility 3. Appropriate amount of fiber |
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(Def)
Difficulty defecating |
Constipation
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(Def)
Not defecating at all |
Obstipation
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Differance between laxatives and stool softeners
|
Laxatives are intestinal irritants that work directly on the GI tissue to stimulate a BM.
Stool softeners prevent future stools from being hard by bringing water from outside the GI tract in to provide more moisture for passing of stools. |
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Mineral oil, Surfak, and Colace are all examples of what?
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Stool softeners
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This class of stool softners works by bringing H20 from outside the GI tract in to help pass stools.
Ex (2) |
Osmotic stool softeners
-Lactulose and Miralax |
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This stool softener can also be perscribed for liver dysfunction bc it binds to ammonia.
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-Lactulose
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Nursing consideration when administering Carafate?
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Binds with everything give at least 30-45 min before anything else by mouth.
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This drug is a prostaglandin analog that reduces the amount of acid produced and also helps coat GI to pretect from ulceration.
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Cystotex
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This anti-cholinergic drug is used to treat bladder spasms and helps with urinary incontenance.
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Ditropan
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The only approved use of opium is what?
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to treat bladder spasms.
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Three classic characteristics of a UTI?
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Burning, Frequency, Urgency
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This drug works well for urinary pain, helps with burning, but does not treat infection. Only works for about 48 hrs, and turns urine bright orange
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pyridium
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This cholinergic drug is used to treat urinary retention.
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Uracholine
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Why are cholinergic drugs contraindicated with benign prostatic hypergery(BPH)?
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Because they cause prostrate to enlarge more.
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These two drugs are used to treat BPH. They shrinks the prostrate to allow urine to pass.
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-Prostar
-Flowmax |
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This is a cardiac drug that was incidentally found to help treat BPH.
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Cardura
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It was found that if men chewed this natural substance over a long period of time it prevented their prostate from growing so quickly. Decreased the amount of testosterone production.
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saw palmetto
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Antibiotic class used specifically for UTI.
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Sulfonamides
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