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75 Cards in this Set
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Pharmacology
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Study of Drugs
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Drug
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a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease and it is used to affect the structure or function of the body
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Pharmadynamics
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study of drugs action on living tissue
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Pharmacokineties
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study of drugs absorption, distribution. Metabolism & excretion
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included drug half-life, blood drug levels, and bioavailability.
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Pharmacotherapeutics
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study of use of drugs in tx of disease
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posology
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Study of amt of drugs required to produce therapeutic effects
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pharmacy
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Science preparing and dispensing
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toxicology
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Study of a drugs harmful effects on living tissue
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Controlled substance
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Drug Classification
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OTC- class
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FDA determined safe for consumer use only
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Prescription- class
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FDA classifies as need a DR & pharmacist to dispense
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Controlled substance Act of 1970
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Controlled substances are regulated through the Federal Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. Assigned 1-5 shedules based on medical usefulness and potential for abuse
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Schedule I
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high abuse potential and no accepted medical use
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contra-indications
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situations in which a certain drug should not be used. Some contraindications
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Drug indication
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indiction for use
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Pharmacology
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Study of Drugs
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Therapeutic effects
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Desired effect
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side effects
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other effects not intended
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Adverse Effects
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drugs are potentially harmful and include conditions, such as reversible or irreversible organ damage, bowel obstruction, heart attack, or stroke.
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Ex. Thalidomide was labeled a teratogen in 1962.
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teratogens
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can cause birth defects if taken by a pregnant woman
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Drug allergy
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sensitized to a particular drug
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idiosyncrasy
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unusual & unexpected reaction to drug
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anaphylaxis
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shock
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Toxic Effects
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poisonous
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carcinogens
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cause cancers
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agonist
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bind to receptors to produce effects
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antagonist
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bind to receptors to block effects
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Site of action
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location of drugs therapeutic effects
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mechanism of action
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explains how a drug a produces its effect
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Dose
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amt of drug
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dose that will produce an effect that is 50% maximal response
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Potency
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strength of drug
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ED50
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effective dose 50
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LD50
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lethal dose 50
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TI
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Therapeutic Index
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Ex. Ti=LD50/ED50=1000mg/100mg=10mg
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receptor site
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location on certain cells where drug attachs
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binding
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attachment of drugs to receptors
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drug action
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binding starts a series of cell changes
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competative antagonism
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both antagonist and agonist bind to same receptors & adminstered together. Compete for the same receptor site.
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PO
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Oral
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liquids, powders, tablets, and capsules. Liquids taken orally have a faster reaction time than solids.
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Half-life
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time it takes for the drug concentration to fall to half of the highest level it reached.
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determined by the rate of drug metabolism and excretion
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Drug form
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Liquid, pill, powder, gas etc
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Route of entry
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Point of entry; mouth, eyes, ear, nasal, rectum, IM, IV, IC or vaginal
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Lipid solubility of the drug
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Drugs Absorbed through fat
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Plasma protein binding
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attach to protein in the blood
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Blood flow
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viscity
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Condition of the patient’s liver or kidneys
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damage to liver or kidney changes the absorption rate
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Rate of drug excretion
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speed of drug leaving body
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Bioavailability
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measure of how much of that drug is available to exert a pharmaceutical effect
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Schedule II
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Drugs with high abuse potential and accepted medical use.
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Narcotics (morphine and pure codeine), cocaine, amphetamines, short-acting barbiturates; no refills without a new written prescription from the physician.
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Schedule III
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Drugs with moderate abuse potential and accepted medical use.
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Moderate- and intermediate-acting barbiturates, glutethimide, preparations containing codeine plus another drug; prescription required, may be refilled five times in 6 months when authorized by the physician.
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Schedule IV
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Drugs with low abuse potential and accepted medical use.
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Phenobarbital, chloral hydrate, antianxiety drugs (Librium, Valium); prescription required, may be refilled five times in 6 months when authorized by the physician.
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Schedule V
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Drugs with limited abuse potential and accepted medical use.
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Narcotic drugs used in limited quantities for antitussive and antidiarrheal purposes; drugs can be sold only by a registered pharmacist; buyer must be 18 years old and show identification.
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promethazine
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phenergan
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nausea
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Schedule I
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Drugs with high abuse potential and no accepted medical use.
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Heroin, hallucinogens, marijuana; these drugs are not to be prescribed.
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Analgesics
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pain pills
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headaches, muscle aches and pains
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Antacids
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indigestion
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heartburn
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Antiarthritic
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rheumatism pills
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rheumatoid arthritis
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Antibiotics
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bug killers
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microbial infections
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Anticoagulants
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blood thinners
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prevent blood clots
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Anticonvulsants
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epilepsy drugs
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prevent seizures
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NSAIDs
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Reduces inflammation
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Ibuprofen (also analgesic) Advil ®
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Antidepressants
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uppers
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relieve depression
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Antihistamines
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cold and flu pills
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stops runny nose, wheezing and itchiness
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Antihyperlipidemics
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cholesterol pills
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lowers cholesterol levels
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Antihypertensives
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blood pressure pills
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lowers high blood pressure
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Anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids)
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Reduces inflammation
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Prednisone
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Analgesic
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Reduces pain
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Aspirin
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Cardiac drugs
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heart medicine
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treats abnormal heart rhythms, heart failure, angina pain
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Diuretics
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water pills
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lowers high blood pressure, treat congestive heart
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Erectile Dysfunction
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man’s best friend
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impotency
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Hypnotics
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sleeping pills
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insomnia
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Hypoglycemic agents
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diabetic drugs
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lowers high blood sugar
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Muscle relaxant
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Reduces stiffness
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Carisoprodol
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Osteoporosis therapy
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mom’s bone pills
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strengthens bones
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Tranquilizers
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downers
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anxiety
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