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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Atom
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The fundamental building block of all material; it consists of a cluster of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
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Atomic Model
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Scientists' representation of an atom determined by experiment and indirect observation.
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Atomic Number
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The number of protons in a nucleus; this determines what type of atom it is.
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Atomic Symbol
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A shorthand notation fro describing an atom; it consists of a chemical symbol, atomic number and mass number.
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Compound
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A pure substance that is made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically joined.
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Crystal Lattice
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A grid-like structure of atoms or ions where each particle is bonded to all of its neighbouring atoms.
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Electron
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A small negatively charged particle; clouds of this surround the nucleus of an atom.
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Electron Configuration
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The number of electrons in each of the electron shells of an atom.
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Electron Shell
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Part of the electron cloud; it is a layer that surrounds the nucleus and can only hold a certain number of electrons.
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Element
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A substance made up of only one type of atom.
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Isotopes
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Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in their nucleus.
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Mass Number
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The number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
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Molecule
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A cluster of atoms that makes up and element or compound.
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Neutral
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Having no overall charge.
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Neutron
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A particle with no electric charge; it is found in the nucleus of an atom.
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Nucleus
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A cluster of neutrons and protons at the centre of an atom,
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Periodic Table
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Table showing all 118 known types of atoms (elements)
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Proton
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A positively charged particle in the nucleus.
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Anion
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A negatively charged ion
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Cation
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A positively charged ion
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Ion
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an atom that has lost of gained electrons and therefore has an electric charge.
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Ionic Bond
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A bond between a cation and an anion due to electrostatic attraction of their opposite charges.
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Ionic Compound
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A compound made up of cations and anions.
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Solubility
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How easily a substance dissolves.
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Alpha Decay
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A nuclear reaction in which a nucleus ejects an alpha particle.
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Alpha Particle
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A particle made up of two protons and two neutrons, making it identical to a helium nucleus.
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Alpha Radiation
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A form of ionising radiation made up of alpha particles.
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Beta Decay
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A nuclear reaction in which a nucleus ejects a beta particle.
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Beta Particle
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A small negatively charged particle that can be ejected from a nucleus during a nuclear reaction; it is identical to an electron.
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Beta Radiation
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Nuclear Radiation made up of beta particles.
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Carbon Dating
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A method for judging the age of fossils by analysing the amount of carbon in the fossil.
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Cosmic Radiation
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Radiation that comes to earth from distant stars.
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Dose (radiation)
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The amount of radiation absorbed over a period of time.
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Radiation that can travel through a vacuum as waves rather than particles.
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Fission
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A nuclear in which a very large nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei of similar mass number.
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Allotropes
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Different forms of carbon
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Alloy
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A mixture of a base metal and small amounts of other elements.
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Annealing
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A process in which a metal is heated until red hot, then allowed to cool naturally; also know as normalising.
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Base Metal
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The main metal in an alloy
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Brittle
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Shatters if hit.
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Carat
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A scale for measuring the purity of gold.
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Ductile
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Able to be stretched into wires.
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Lustrous
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Shines when polished or freshly cut
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Malleable
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Able to be hammered into new shapes.
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Metalloid
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An element that usually displays the properties of a non-metal but conducts electricity like a metal under certain conditions; also known as a seni-metal.
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Periodic Table
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A list of all the known 118 elements.
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Quenching
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A process in which a heated metal is cooled rapidly by dropping it into water.
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Stainless Steel
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A rustless alloy of steel that includes chromium aand nickel.
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Steel
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An alloy of iron and carbon.
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Tempering
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A process in which a metal is heated, cooled rapidly (quenched) and then reheated.
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Carbon Nanotube
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A nano-sized cylinder cylinder of carbon atoms.
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Contact Angle
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The angle that the base of a drop of water makes with the surface it is on.
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Hydrophilic
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Surfaces that attract water and allow it to stick to them; commonly referred to as 'water-loving'.
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Hydrophobic
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Surfaces that do not allow water to stick to them; commonly referred to as 'water-hating'.
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Malignant
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Rapidly growing and dangerous cancerous cells.
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Metastasise
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When cancer cells spread beyond their original site into the rest of the body.
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Nanometre (nm)
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Unit of length equal to one-billionth of a metre; unit symbol nm.
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Nanoparticle
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A particle of structure that is too small to be seen with a normal light microscope.
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Nanopharmaceutical
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A medical drug that is a nanoparticle or is delivered by a nano-sized structure.
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Nanotechnology
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The study of how to produce and control structures at a scale below the size of visible particles but larger than atoms.
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Nitinol
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A shape memory alloy made of nickel and titanium.
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Photocatalytic
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An effect where sunlight causes materials to become electrically charged and able to react with organic matter and organic matter and other particles.
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Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)
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A mixture of metals that changes shape as the temperature changes.
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Stent
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A mesh sleeve that is inserted into clogged arteries to keep them open; commonly made out of nitinol.
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Acid
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A substance that releases hydrogen ions into and aqueous solution.
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Alkali
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A base that dissolves in water.
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Alkaline Solution
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A solution made of a base/alkali and water.
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Base
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A substance that releases hydroxide ions.
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Hydrogen Ion
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H+, released by acids
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Hydroxide Ion
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OH-, formed by bases.
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Indicator
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A chemical that changes colour to show whether a substance is acidic, neutral or basic.
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Litmus Paper
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A common indicator that turns red in the presence of acid and blue in the presence of a base.
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pH
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A scale used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.
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Aerobic Respiration
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A reaction that uses oxygen to release energy stored in glucose.
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Anodising
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A way of protecting aluminium from corrosion, by deliberately creating a layer of aluminium oxide over it.
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Balanced Formula Equation
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A chemical equation that has the same numbers of each atom on both sides of the arrow.
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Combustion
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A rapid reaction with oxygen that releases energy in the form of heat and/or light.
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Complete Combustion
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Combustion that occurs when there is plenty of oxygen.
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Corrosion
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the breakdown of metals due to their reaction with other chemicals.
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Endothermic
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A chemical reaction that absorbs energy.
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Exothermic
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A chemical reaction that releases energy.
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Glucose
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A type of sugar produced by photosynthesis, with chemical formula C6H12O6.
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Hydrocarbons
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Highly combustable chemicals; petrol is a mixture of these.
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Incomplete Combustion
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Combustion that occurs when oxygen is limited. It produces carbon (soot, smoke) and carbon monoxide. It does not release much heat or light as complete combustion.
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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The law that atoms are not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. They can only be rearranged.
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Photosynthesis
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An endothermic reaction that takes place in green plants. Uses the energy from the energy from sunlight to combine water and carbon dioxide and produce glucose and oxygen gas.
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Products
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Chemicals PRODUCED in a chemical reaction. They are written on the right-hand side of the arrow.
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Reactants
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The original chemicals in a chemical reaction. They are written on the left-hand side of the arrow.
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Rust
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Hydrated iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3H2O
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Tarnish
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A black
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