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32 Cards in this Set
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Granulosa Cell Tumor
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10% malignant, post-menopausal, estrogen producing, result of loss of oocytes, cystic/hemorrhagic, grooved nuclei (Call-Exner bodies), may cause proliferative endometrial lesions
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Granulose Cell Tumor
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10% malignant, post-menopausal, estrogen producing, result of loss of oocytes, cystic/hemorrhagic, grooved nuclei (Call-Exner bodies), may cause proliferative endometrial lesions
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Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors
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produce androges, associated w/ virilization and hirsutism
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Gonadoblastoma
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gonadal dysgensis, germ cells & primitive sex cord elements
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Chorioamnionitis
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Infection of placental membranes resulting from ascending bacterial infection. Opaque edematous membranes w/ PMN infiltrate
May cause premature labor, fetal infections, intrauterine hypoxia |
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Chorioamnionitis
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Infection of placental membranes resulting from ascending bacterial infection. Opaque edematous membranes w/ PMN infiltrate
May cause premature labor, fetal infections, intrauterine hypoxia |
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Complete Hydatidiform Mole
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Fertilization of empty ovum (paternal 46XX), extremes of age & asian predispose. Uterine cavity fills with edematous villi w/ trophoblastic hyperplasia. 2% develop choriocarcinoma
Symptoms: markedly elevated HCG, excessive uterine enlargement, abnormal uterine bleeding |
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Complete Hydatidiform Mole
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Fertilization of empty ovum (paternal 46XX), extremes of age & asian predispose. Uterine cavity fills with edematous villi w/ trophoblastic hyperplasia. 2% develop choriocarcinoma
Symptoms: markedly elevated HCG, excessive uterine enlargement, abnormal |
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Partial Hydatidiform Mole
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Fertilization of ovum by 2 sperm or diploid sperm (triploidy). no choriocarcinoma risk. mixture of normal & edematous villi, fetal parts present
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partial hydatidiform mole
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Fertilization of ovum by 2 sperm or diploid sperm (triploidy). no choriocarcinoma risk. mixture of normal & edematous villi, fetal parts present
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invasive hydatidiform mole
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villi invade uterine wall & vessels, may perforate uterus leading to heatogenous spread. difficult to distinguish from choriocarcinoma
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Choriocarcinoma
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Malignant tumor of trophobloasts, same risk factors as mole. hemorrhagic/necrotic, atypical trophoblasts w/out true villus, METASTASIS, elevated HCG
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Choriocarcinoma
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Malignant tumor of trophobloasts, same risk factors as mole. hemorrhagic/necrotic, atypical trophoblasts w/out true villus, METASTASIS, elevated HCG
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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
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young obese women, increased androgen synthesis (abnormal 17alpha-hydroxylase activity), persistent anovulation, hirsutism, acne, male pattern alopecia, peripheral insulin resistance (disproportionate to degree of obesity), progesterone deficiency. increased estrogen levels may also lead to endometrial hyperplasia & adenocarcinoma.
Microscopically: numerous subcapsular follicular cysts |
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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
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young obese women, increased androgen synthesis (abnormal 17alpha-hydroxylase activity), persistent anovulation, hirsutism, acne, male pattern alopecia, peripheral insulin resistance (disproportionate to degree of obesity), progesterone deficiency. increased estrogen levels may also lead to endometrial hyperplasia & adenocarcinoma.
Microscopically: numerous subcapsular follicular cysts |
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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
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young obese women, increased androgen synthesis (abnormal 17alpha-hydroxylase activity), persistent anovulation, hirsutism, acne, male pattern alopecia, peripheral insulin resistance (disproportionate to degree of obesity), progesterone deficiency. increased estrogen levels may also lead to endometrial hyperplasia & adenocarcinoma.
Microscopically: numerous subcapsular follicular cysts |
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Germ Cell Tumors (Mature cystic teratomas)
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Similar to testicular tumors, mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst), 25% of all ovarian teratomas, occur in younger women or girls, 1% malignant transfomation
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Serous Cystadenoma (benign ovarian epithelial cancer)
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serous or mucinous, unilocular or multilocular. single layer of well-differentiated cliliated columnar epithelium (serous) or mucin producing glandular (mucinous)
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Borderline ovarian epithelial cancer
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serous or mucinous. epithelial atypia & increased mitotic activity. excellent prognosis following surgical removal
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Serous adenocarcinoma
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serous, papillary growth pattern w/ psammoma bodies and frank invasion. mucinous, endometrial, clear cell, & transitional cell types. lymphatic spread, poor prognosis
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Mucinous Cystadenoma
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serous or mucinous, unilocular or multilocular. single layer of well-differentiated cliliated columnar epithelium (serous) or mucin producing glandular (mucinous)
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salpingitis
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inflammation of the fallopian tube, typically due to an ascending infection (N. gonorrhea, E. coli, C. trachomatis, mycoplasma). Acute infection = PMNs. Chronic = plasma cells & lymphocytes, may lead to impaired fertility and/or ectopic pregnancies due to tubular damage. May lead to PID. Blocked tube may cause purulent or serous exudate.
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ectopic pregnancy
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Implantation of fertilized ovum outside the uterus (95% fallopian tubes). tubal wall typically perforated by 12th week, leads to severe intra-abdominal hemorrhage
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Ovarian Follicle Cysts
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Thin walled, <5cm diameter, develop pre-menopause, lined by granulosa cells w/ inner theca cells. Associated w/ precocious puberty, menstrual irregularities, & intraperitoneal bleeding
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Ovarian Corpus Luteum Cysts
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yellow wall w/ central hemorrhage, prolonged progesterone synthesis, menstrual irregularities
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Ovarian Theca Lutein Cysts
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multiple/bilateral proliferation of theca lutein cells, caused by high HCG levels, intra-abdominal hemorrhage secondary to rupture
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Mature Cystic Teratoma
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25% of ovarian tumors, caused by autofertilization, skin, hair, glands, teeth, often present, 1% malignant
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Mature Cystic Teratoma
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25% of ovarian tumors, caused by autofertilization, skin, hair, glands, teeth, often present, 1% malignant
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Fibroma
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Benigh, whitish, solid, well-differentiated fibroblasts & collagen
Meigs Syndrome = fibroma w/ ascites & pleural effusion |
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Thecoma
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Benign, post-menopause, estrogen producing, lipid laden theca cells yellowish solid tumor
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Metastatic Tumor to the Ovary
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mimics primary ovarian tumor. most common primary sites: breast, large intestine, endometrium, stomach
Krukenberg tumor - adenocarcinoma w/ signet ring morphology, metastatic to the ovary 75% gastric, 25% colonic |
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epithelial ovarian tumors
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most common ovarian tumor, result of repeated disruption and repair of surface epithelium (more common in nulliparous women, decreased incidence w/ birth control), increased incidence w/ BRCA-1
Presents as: Cystadenoma (benign), borderline, cystadenocarcinoma (malignant), may show serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, or transitional cell differentiation |
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