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273 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Auspitz's Sign
|
suggests Psoriasis: blood dots after removal of silvery scale
|
|
Retinal Drusen
|
hallmark of age related macular degeneration
|
|
scleroderma
|
thickening of skin with teleangiectasias; varying degrees of disability; can affect lungs, heart, organs etc.
|
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Osgood Schlatter
|
inflammation of tibial tuberosity; often in teens
|
|
Polymyositis
|
proximal muscle weakness
|
|
Polymyalgia rheumatic
|
pain and stiffness without weakness; acute onset; ++ESR
|
|
Sjogren's syndrome
|
dry eyes
dry mouth dysphagia parotid enlargement |
|
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
|
overweight person with sudden limp
|
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Sarcoidosis
|
granulomatosis inflammation in lungs
|
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RA
|
Morning stiffness
pannus Swan neck and Boutonierre deformity |
|
Reiter Syndrome
|
seronegative arthritis triad:
1. urethritis 2. conjunctivitis 3. oligoarthritis |
|
Boxer's Fracture
|
5th MCP (metacarpal neck)
|
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Colles Fracture
|
"silver fork" deformity
distal radius fracture with dorsal angle; falling on an outstretched hand |
|
Scaphoid fracture
|
snuff box tenderness
|
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
|
"bamboo spine"
|
|
Osteoarthritis
|
big joints
Herbeden's Nodes - DIP Bouchards Nodes - PIP |
|
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
|
entrapment of posterior tibial nerve
|
|
Plantar Fasciaitis
|
"military march"
burning heel pain first thing in the morning; better with motion and warm shower; difficult to treat; often takes 12 months for recovery; can do PT or surgery if unrelenting |
|
Pink Frothy Sputum
|
CHF
|
|
Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia
|
Strep Pneumoniae
|
|
Pneumonia caused by Klebsiella
|
common in ETOH abusers
|
|
Mycoplasma Pneumonia
|
"walking pneumonia"
young adults assoc. with bullous myringitis |
|
Haemophilus pneumoniae
|
common in COPD
|
|
Pseudomonas species pneumonia
|
common in Cystic Fibrosis
|
|
Legionella pneumoniae
|
air conditioning / aerosolized water
|
|
Byssinosis
|
cotton workers
|
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Asbestos
|
fibrosis plaques, linear opacities at bases adn pleural plaques; hx of being around old buildings, construction, insulation; increased risk of lung CA and mesothelioma; esp if smoker
|
|
Siderosis
|
metallic iron exposure
|
|
Silicosis
|
sandblasting, miners, quarry workers, stone workers; nodular opacities at upper lung fields; increased risk of TB, progressive massive fibrosis
|
|
Acute Glomerulonephritis
|
RBC casts, "tea colored urine"
|
|
Hallpike Nylen Bavany Maneuver
|
vertigo
|
|
Oat cell cancer
|
paraneoplastic syndrome
|
|
Plummer - Vinson Syndrome
|
esophageal webs; iron deficiency
|
|
Achalasia
|
bird peak defect on barium swallow
|
|
gastric ulcer
|
increase pain after eating
|
|
duodenal ulcer
|
decreased pain after eating
|
|
celiac deficiency
|
gluten free diet
|
|
Courvier's sign
|
palpable gallbladder; pancreatic head cancer
|
|
Porcelian gallbladder
|
cancer
|
|
Presence of antibodies to HBS
|
past immunity or vaccination
|
|
Struvite Stones
|
Check for UTI
|
|
Grave's Disease
|
hyperthyroidism with diffuse goiter with bruit; ophthalmopathy; dermopathy from thyroid stimulating Ig
|
|
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
|
check for antibodies; chronic autoimmune thyroiditis; common in areas with insufficient iodine; elevated TSH
|
|
Chvostek's Sign
|
tetany with tapping on facial nerve just anterior to ear causes contraction of muscles; hypocalcemia
|
|
Addison's Disease
|
increase in ACTH
|
|
Cushing's Syndrome
|
hypercortisol
|
|
Red Ciliary Flush
|
acute glaucoma
|
|
Hiccups
|
common in subphrenic abscess
|
|
Congenital Cataracts
|
check maternal rubella titer
|
|
Lupus (SLE)
|
butterfly rash on face, alopecia, high ANA titers
|
|
Heinz Bodies
|
(violet stain) with elevated reticulocyte count; hemolytic anemia (G6PD)
|
|
Hemolytic anemia
|
haptoglobin
|
|
Howell-Jolly bodies
|
functional asplenism; nuclear remnants on red blood cells as small, round darkly stained nuclear fragments; no special stains necessary; largery than Pappenheimer bodies
|
|
Iron Deficiency Signs
|
pica, cheilosis, atrophic glossitis, koilonychia, pale conjunctivae and mucous membranes
|
|
Basophilic stippling
|
Beta Thalassemia
|
|
Ringed Sideroblasts
|
myelodysplasia, chronic alcholism; lead poisoning
|
|
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
|
posterior column neuro findings; Schilling's Test
|
|
Auer Rod
|
AML
|
|
Gingival Hyperplasia
|
AML (M4 and M5)
|
|
+TdT in Peds
|
ALL
|
|
"dry tap" with ringed sideroblasts
|
myelodysplastic syndrome
|
|
9/22 translocation
|
CML
|
|
"smudge cells"
|
CLL
|
|
JAK2V617F mutation with plethora
|
Polycythemia Vera
|
|
Tear Drop RBC
|
myelofibrosis
|
|
M-spike electrophoresis
|
Multiple Myeloma (urine bence jones proteins)
|
|
Reed Sternberg Cells
|
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
|
|
Plummer Vinson Esophageal Webs
|
iron deficiency
|
|
"helmet cells" schistocyte
|
fragmented RBC found in TTP and burns
|
|
Methylmalonic acid
|
increased Vitamin B12 (normal in folate deficiency)
|
|
Serum tryptase
|
order this to diagnose anaphylaxis
|
|
Breast Cancer
|
most common cancer in females
|
|
Nipple excoriation
|
Paget's Disease
|
|
Chromosome 13 / 17
|
Autism
|
|
Fragile X Syndrome
|
inherited mental retardation
|
|
C5
|
deltoid / bicep
|
|
C6
|
biceps / wrist extension
|
|
C7
|
triceps / finger extension
|
|
C8
|
finger flexion
|
|
Spurling's Sign
|
for dx of cervical radiculopathy; exerting downward pressure on teh head while rotating the head towards the symptomatic side creating pain radiating into affected extremity
|
|
Heinz Bodies
|
(violet stain) with elevated reticulocyte count; hemolytic anemia (G6PD)
|
|
Hemolytic anemia
|
haptoglobin
|
|
Howell-Jolly bodies
|
functional asplenism; nuclear remnants on red blood cells as small, round darkly stained nuclear fragments; no special stains necessary; largery than Pappenheimer bodies
|
|
Iron Deficiency Signs
|
pica, cheilosis, atrophic glossitis, koilonychia, pale conjunctivae and mucous membranes
|
|
Basophilic stippling
|
Beta Thalassemia
|
|
Ringed Sideroblasts
|
myelodysplasia, chronic alcholism; lead poisoning
|
|
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
|
posterior column neuro findings; Schilling's Test
|
|
Auer Rod
|
AML
|
|
Gingival Hyperplasia
|
AML (M4 and M5)
|
|
+TdT in Peds
|
ALL
|
|
Hallpike Nylen Bavany Maneuver
|
vertigo
|
|
Oat cell cancer
|
paraneoplastic syndrome
|
|
Plummer - Vinson Syndrome
|
esophageal webs; iron deficiency
|
|
Achalasia
|
bird peak defect on barium swallow
|
|
gastric ulcer
|
increase pain after eating
|
|
duodenal ulcer
|
decreased pain after eating
|
|
celiac deficiency
|
gluten free diet
|
|
Courvier's sign
|
palpable gallbladder; pancreatic head cancer
|
|
Porcelian gallbladder
|
cancer
|
|
Presence of antibodies to HBS
|
past immunity or vaccination
|
|
Tick Borrekia Burgdorferi
|
Lyme; erythema migrans
|
|
P24 Antigen
|
diagnose acute HIV
|
|
India Ink prep
|
treponenma pallidum = syphilis (dark field)
|
|
Brudzinski Sign
|
passive neck flexion causes hip / knee to flex = meningitis
|
|
Kernig's Sign
|
move LE into extension and neck flexes = meningitis
|
|
L5
|
great toe
|
|
Achilles
|
S1
|
|
CSF - hanging drop - tumbling rod
|
Listeria
|
|
Malaria
|
plasmodia parasite
|
|
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
|
Tinels and Phalen's test
|
|
DeQuervan's Tenosynovitis
|
abductor pollicus brevis tendon; +Finkelstein's Test
|
|
Ganglion cyst
|
scaphoid-luentes ligament; associated with OA
|
|
Tennis Elbow
|
Lateral Epicondylitis; pain with elbow extension
|
|
Golfer's Elbow
|
Medial Epicondylitis; pain with flexion of wrist and pronation
|
|
Dupuytren's Contracture
|
4th adn 5th fingers fibrous tissue at palm
|
|
Zones for Asthma
|
green, yellow, red
|
|
What can mimic asthma?
|
Cystic Fibrosis and alpha antitrypsin
|
|
Hemophilia A
|
eight
|
|
Hemophilia B
|
nine
|
|
Prothrombin Time
|
Extrinsic Pathway (2,5,7,10)
|
|
aPTT
|
Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway (2,5,8,9,10,11,13)
|
|
Queen Victoria Carrier
|
Hemophilia A
|
|
vonWillebrand
|
factor 8 deficiency "c" mediates platelet adhesion
|
|
"locked in syndrome"
|
brainstem CVA
|
|
Varus
|
turned out
|
|
Valgus
|
turned in "Gum between my knees"
|
|
Greenstick fracture
|
spiral fracture in peds
|
|
Legg-Calve Perthes
|
avascular necrosis of femoral head
|
|
Ulcerative Colitis
|
continous thru entire colon; bleeding ulcers; starts at rectum and works up
|
|
Crohn's Disease
|
skip lesions, fistulas, apthoid ulcers; cobblestoning on xray; string sign; mouth to anus
|
|
Whooping Cough
|
pertussis
|
|
Chocolate Agar
|
neisseria gonorrhea
|
|
Gray membrane throat
|
diptheria
|
|
strawberry tongue
|
strep
|
|
epiglottis
|
h.influenza; thumb sign on lateral xray; drooling
|
|
Ludwig's Angina
|
trismus, submental tenderness
|
|
Vincent's Angina
|
"trench mouth"; acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis; fusobacterium / treponema
|
|
Retropharyngeal abscess
|
"hot potatoe" pain referred to posterior neck
|
|
Croup
|
steeple sign on xray; narrowing of subglottic space; barking cough
|
|
Metabolic Syndrome
|
central obesity, HTN, DM2, low HDL
|
|
Erysipelas
|
group A strep; well demarcated slapped cheeks
|
|
Jobs Syndrome
|
high IgE with recurrent staph furunculosis
|
|
Impetigo
|
honey crusted
|
|
Fifth's Disease
|
"slapped cheek" red rash, erythema infectiosum
|
|
Gout
|
Uric Acid
|
|
Pseudogout
|
elevated calcium pyrophosphate
|
|
Triad of cellulitis
|
rubor (color), swelling, pain
|
|
Palpation of crepitus
|
think....gas
|
|
Foot puncture
|
use meds to cover Pseudomonas
|
|
Cat Bite
|
Pasteurella Multicida
|
|
Anthrax
|
bacilius anthracis; painless or pruritic papules
|
|
Blue Sclera
|
Rheumatoid arthritis
Iron deficiency anemia osteogenesis imperfecta (Blegvad-Haxthausen) Hallermann-Streiff-Francois syndrome Velocardiofacial (22q gene) syndrome Weaver syndrome (Marshall-Smith) Hereditary, Familial, Genetic Disorders Ehlers-Danlos syndrome |
|
Looser's Lines
|
radiolucent bands in the cortex of a bone; usually indicates osteomalacia; think Ricket's
|
|
Pericardial friction rub
|
pericarditis
|
|
Endocarditis
|
roth spots, Janeway lesions, Osler's nodes
|
|
Cherry Red Spot
|
central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)
|
|
Tetrology of Fallot
|
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Overriding aorta Ventricle Septal Defect Pulmonary Stenosis |
|
PDA Neonates
|
continous murmur at S2, left half of ICS
|
|
Holosystolic murmurs
|
tricuspid regurg and VSD
|
|
Aortic Stenosis
|
Mid -Systolic; radiates into neck; "think Mrs.Ass"
|
|
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
|
fishy odor; +whiff test; CLUE CELLS
|
|
Budding Hyphae
|
yeast; budding
|
|
Allen's Test
|
ulnar artery patency; make sure to do this before doing ABGs to assure collateral vasculature
|
|
Homan's Sign
|
test used for DVT; pressure on calf with dorsiflexion of ankle; not real reliable
|
|
Nikolsky's Sign
|
assoc with pemphigus vulgarus; apparently normal epidermis may be separated at the basal layer and rubbed off when pressed with a sliding motion
|
|
McMurray Test
|
to dx a meniscal tear; fassively flex hip and knee until heel touches buttock; steady the knee with one hand and externally rotate foot then extend the knee to 90; return to beginning and internally rotate the foot; feeling for clicks
|
|
Lachman Test
|
ACL tear
|
|
Posterior Drawer
|
PCL
|
|
Prehn's
|
increase in pain with elevation of the scrotum; sign of testicular torsion
|
|
Paget's Bone
|
osteitis deformoens - soft bones
|
|
Peyionie's Disease
|
fibrous plaques bowing the penis; peinle shaft curved with erection
|
|
Menier's disease
|
episodic vertigo
|
|
Neisseria Menginitis
|
diffuse pink macupapular rash
|
|
Pancoast's Tumor
|
superior sulcus tumors
|
|
Kleihauer-Bethe Assay
|
check for mixture of fetal and maternal blood
|
|
Scarlet Fever
|
Pastia's Lines (axilla and groin); circumorial pallor; trunk with red popular rash = pyrogenic erythrotoxin
|
|
Polycystic Kidney disease
|
gross hematuria
|
|
Carcinoid syndrome
|
diarrhea, flushing, hepatomegaly
|
|
Steamy cornea with pain
|
"halos" non reactive pupil; acute angle closure glaucoma
|
|
Foamy Urine
|
proteinuria; nephritic syndrome
|
|
RBC casts in urine
|
glomerulonephritis
|
|
Tram tracks / ring shadows on chest CT
|
persistant cough; hemoptysis = bronchiectasis
|
|
Amaurosis Fugax
|
transit vision loss
|
|
Flashing lights; floaters; shade over vision
|
retinal detachment
|
|
Aplastic Anemia
|
pancytopenia
|
|
Roseola
|
Sixth Disease
|
|
Cluster Headache
|
unilateral, acute HA with injected eye adn clear nasal discharge
|
|
Koebner's onehomenon
|
new psoriatic lesion on otherwise normal skin after minor trauma
|
|
Pre-eclampsia
|
edema, HTN, proteinuria
|
|
Eclampsia
|
edema, HTN, proteinuria + seizure
|
|
Acute MI
|
ST elevation in leads II, III, and AVF
|
|
Pityriasis versicolor
|
"spaghetti and meatballs" with p.ovale = tinea
|
|
Hyphema
|
hemorrhage in anterior chamber of the eye
|
|
WBC casts in urine
|
pyelonephritis
|
|
Muddy Casts
|
renal tubular necrosis; Acute tubular necrosis
|
|
Wolff-Parkinson White Sydrome
|
short PR interval; delta wave with SVT
|
|
"holiday heart"
|
A-fib; "irregularly irregular"
|
|
Giardia lamblia
|
foul, greasy stool; infected water; no obvious blood in stool
|
|
Mitral Valve Prolapse
|
midsystolic click
|
|
pericarditis
|
feels better when you lean forward
|
|
Takayasu's Arteritis
|
occlusive polyartheritis with predilection for aortic arch
|
|
Thromboagitans obliterans
|
from smoking; black fingertips
|
|
Pityriasis Rosea
|
herald patch (first patch) with Christmas tree pattern on back
|
|
Ranson's Criteria
|
Acute Pancreatitis;
age >55 WBC>16,000 Blood glucose>200 serum LDH>350 AST>250 |
|
Meckel's Diverticulum
|
mimics appendicitis; Rule of Two's
|
|
Zollinger-Ellison's Syndrome
|
gastric acid hypersecretion adn severe peptic ulcer diathesis due to release of gastrin from a gastrinoma; assoc with peptic ulcers and diarrhea; 60% malignant
|
|
Felty's syndrome
|
advanced RA; low WBC, platelet, RBCs, positive nodes / splenomegaly; leg ulcers; HLA-DR4
|
|
DIC
|
++++++Fibrin Split products
|
|
Erythema Multiforme
|
target lesions with central blister; Steven Johnson's Syndrome
|
|
Rubella
|
German Measles; fine, pink, maculopapular rash
|
|
Coxsackie Virus
|
Hand, foot, mouth disease; grey white tonsils with shallow ulcers
|
|
Alzheimer's disease
|
plaques with neurofibrilliary tangles; most common cause of dementia
|
|
Parkinson's Disease
|
decrease dopamine; shuffling gait; pillrolling and cogwheeling motion of extremities
|
|
Myasthenia Gravis
|
antibodies against acteylcholine receptors; fatigue with chewing
|
|
ALS
|
progressive weakness of upper and lower motor neurons
|
|
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
|
spinal cord hemisection; contralateral dissociated sensory loss with ipsilateral loss of proprioception and motor
|
|
Central Cord Syndrome
|
loss of motor in upper extremity greater than lower extremity
|
|
Anterior Cord Injury
|
bilateral paraplegia; loss of pain/temp with preservation of posterior column
|
|
Anterior Cord Syndrome
|
affects anterior spinal artery
|
|
Jefferson Fracture
|
C1 arches
|
|
Hangman's Fracture
|
C2; traumatic spondylolisthesis of axis
|
|
Loffler's syndrome
|
hypereosinophilic syndrome causing restrictive cardiomyopathy
|
|
Athletic Heart
|
hypertropic cardiomyopathy
|
|
Which valve is most commonly affected by infectious endocarditis?
|
Mitral Valve
|
|
Janeway lesions
|
painless hemorrhagic plaques on palms and soles from infectious endocarditis
|
|
Osler's Nodular lesions
|
found on fingers and toes and a sign of infectious endocarditis
|
|
Roth Spots
|
pale retinal lesions with hemorrhage from infectious endocarditis
|
|
Chagas Disease
|
trypanosome myocarditis
|
|
Heart sound with an atrial septal defect
|
fixed split S2
|
|
What is the most common heart defect in adults?
|
bicuspid aortic valve
|
|
What is the most common Atrial septal defect?
|
ostium secundum
|
|
Which valve is most commonly involved in Rheumatic Heart Disease
|
mitral valve
|
|
Sydenhm's Chorea
|
Rheumatic heart disease; rapid purposeless movement while awake; "bag of worms" on tongue protrusion
|
|
Most common sustained arrhythmia
|
Atrial Fibrillation
|
|
What does A Fib look like on an EKG?
|
absent p waves
|
|
WPW: Wolfe Parkinson White
|
Delta wave and short pr interval on EKG
|
|
What drug, when toxic, causes atrial tachycardia with AV block
|
Digitalis
|
|
EKG for a Mobitz Type I: (Wenckebach)
|
progressive prolongation of PR until p wave drops
|
|
EKG for Mobitz Type II
|
intermittent nonconducted P waves without preceding conduction delay
|
|
Torsades de Pointes
|
Ventricular Tachycardia with QRS complexes "twisting"
|
|
What does murmur sound like with aortic regurgitation?
|
high pitched, diastolic decrescendo murmur
|
|
Duroziez murmur
|
"pistol shot at femoral artery"
|
|
Rheumatic aortic stenosis always occurs with what other disease?
|
mitral valve disease
|
|
EKG for Mitral Regurgitation
|
Bifid P wave in lead II
|
|
On Echo, what is a ++ hockey stick appearance?
|
calcified anterior mitral leaflet
|
|
Carvallo's sign
|
increased intensity of pansystolic murmur with inspiration
|
|
What is the most common site for an Aortic Aneurysm?
|
abdominal AAA
|
|
When do you hear a localized epigastric bruit?
|
renal artery stenosis
|
|
Trousseau Sign
|
migratory thrombophlebitis; spontaneously appear venouse thromboses due to cancer
|
|
Common in Blue Bloaters
|
chronic bronchitis
|
|
Common in pink puffers
|
emphysematous symptoms
|
|
Best indicator of pulmonary obstruction
|
PFT: low FEV1 / FVC
|
|
Triad for Bronchiectasis
|
persistant productive cough
copious purulent sputum hemoptysis |
|
Mendelson's syndrome
|
chemical pneumonitis; aspiration of gastric acid without bacterial infection
|
|
"honeycombing" ring shaped opacities on xray
|
dilation of airspaces
|
|
Lofgren's
|
erythema nodosum
adenopathy tenosynovitis |
|
Heerford's
|
fever
uveitis parotiditis |
|
Goodpasture Syndrome
|
autoimmune lung and kidney
autoantibodies Type IV collagen |
|
Hampton's hump
|
wedge shaped infiltrate on CXR
|
|
What is the most common intra abdominal mass in neonates / infants?
|
Wilm's Tumor
|
|
Budd Chiari syndrome
|
thrombosis of hepatic vein
in a hypercoagulable state |
|
Keiser-Fleischer Rings
|
copper deposits in the cornea
|
|
Grey Turner's Sign
|
flank ecchymosis
|
|
Cullen's sign
|
periumbilical bruising
|
|
Charcot's Triad
|
bacterial cholangitis:
1. biliary colic 2. jaundice 3. fever / chills |
|
Amaurosis Fugax
|
temporary monocular loss of vision; ophthalmic artery affected
|
|
Most common type of thyroid cancer; "cold" nodule
|
Papillary Adenocarcinoma
|
|
Indirect hernia
|
involves spermatic cord; hits at the tip of your finger
|
|
Pancoast's Syndrome
|
Lung Cancer:
pain UE weakness Horner's syndrom |
|
Muscles that make up the Rotator Cuff
|
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis |
|
Rule of 9's
|
burn classification;
total of 11-9% areas and 1% for peri area |
|
Where is Zencker's diverticulum located?
|
pharyngoesophageal
|
|
Triad of aortic stenosis
|
1. angina
2. syncope 3. CHF |