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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
reaction results in:
an increase in the number of C-Z bonds a decrease in the number of C-H bonds |
oxidation
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reaction results in either:
a decrease in the number of C-Z bonds an increase in the number of C-H bonds |
reduction
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catalytic hydrogenation
what reagents are used? |
H2
Pd, Pt, or Ni |
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catalytic hydrogenation
what type of addition occurs? |
syn addition
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catalytic hydrogenation
increasing alkyl substitution on the C=C ______ the rate of reaction |
decreases
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reduction of alkynes with Pd-C and 2 H2 results in...
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two equivalents of H2 added and four new C-H bonds are formed
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reducing alkynes with H2 and lindlar catalyst results in...
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syn addition occurs, forming a cis alkene
lindlar catalyst is deactivated so that the reaction stops after one equivalent of H2 has been added |
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reducing alkynes with Na and NH3 results in...
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anti addition of H2 occurs, forming a trans alkene
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reduction of alkyl halides
what reagents are used? |
LiAlH4, H20
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reduction of alkyl halides
what mechanism is followed? |
SN2 mechanism
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reduction of alkyl halides
increased substitution has what effect on reaction speed? |
decreased speed with increased substitution
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reduction of epoxides
what reagents are used? |
LiAlH4, H20
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reduction of epoxides
what mechanism is followed? |
Sn2
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reduction of epoxides
when working with unsymmetrical epoxides, what carbon does H- from LiAlH4 attack? |
the less substituted carbon
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reduction of epoxides
what type of molecule results? |
alcohol
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reduction of alkyl halides
what type of molecule results? |
alkane
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oxidation of alkenes
epoxidation what reagent is used? |
RCO3H
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oxidation of alkenes
anti dihydroxylation what reagents are used? |
1. RCO3H
2. H2O (H+ or OH-) |
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oxidation of alkenes
syn dihydroxylation what reagents are used? |
1. OsO4; 2. NaHSO3, H20
or 1. OsO4, NMO; 2. NaHSO3, H20 or KMnO4, H2O, HO- |
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oxidative cleavage
what reagents are used? |
1. O3
2. Zn, H2O or CH3SCH3 |
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oxidation of alkenes
epoxidation how many steps does the mechanism have? |
1
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oxidation of alkenes
epoxidation what type of addition occurs? |
syn addition of an O atom
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oxidation of alkenes
epoxidation what is the resulting molecule? |
epoxide
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oxidation of alkenes
anti dihydroxylation in what fashion are the two OH groups added? |
anti fashion
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oxidation of alkenes
anti dihydroxylation what is the resulting molecule |
a 1,2 - diol
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oxidation of alkenes
syn dihydroxylation each reagent adds two new C-O bonds to the C=C in a ____ fashion |
syn
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oxidation of alkenes
syn dihydroxylation what is the resulting molecule |
1,2-diol
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oxidation of alkenes
oxidative cleavage both the pi and sigma bonds of the alkene are cleaved to form two _____ groups |
carbonyl
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oxidation of alkenes
oxidative cleavage what two molecules result? |
ketones and aldehydes
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oxidative cleavage of alkynes
what bonds of the alkyne are cleaved? |
both the sigma and pi bonds
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oxidation of alkenes
epoxidation how many steps does the mechanism have? |
1
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oxidation of alkenes
epoxidation what type of addition occurs? |
syn addition of an O atom
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oxidation of alkenes
epoxidation what is the resulting molecule? |
epoxide
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oxidation of alkenes
anti dihydroxylation in what fashion are the two OH groups added? |
anti fashion
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oxidation of alkenes
anti dihydroxylation what is the resulting molecule |
a 1,2 - diol
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oxidation of alkenes
syn dihydroxylation each reagent adds two new C-O bonds to the C=C in a ____ fashion |
syn
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oxidation of alkenes
syn dihydroxylation what is the resulting molecule |
1,2-diol
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oxidation of alkenes
oxidative cleavage both the pi and sigma bonds of the alkene are cleaved to form two _____ groups |
carbonyl
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oxidation of alkenes
oxidative cleavage what two molecules result? |
ketones and aldehydes
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oxidative cleavage of alkynes
what bonds of the alkyne are cleaved? |
both the sigma and pi bonds
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oxidative cleavage of alkynes
what reagents are used? |
O3 and H20
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oxidative cleavage of alkynes
what molecules result in internal alkynes? external? |
internal: carboxylic acids
external: carboxylic acid and CO2 |
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oxidation of alcohols
1* alcohol what reagent is used to produce aldehydes? |
PCC or HCrO4-
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oxidation of alcohols
1* alcohol what reagent is used to produce carboxylic acids? |
CrO3, H2SO4, H2O
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oxidation of alcohols
2* alcohol what reagent is used? |
PCC or CrO3 or HCrO4-
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oxidation of alcohols
2* alcohol what is the resulting molecule? |
ketone
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reductions with Na in NH3 are called
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dissolving metal reductions
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usually animal in origin, are solids with triacylglycerols having few degrees of unsaturation
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fats
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usually vegetable in origin, are liquids with triacylglycerols having a larger number of degrees of unsaturation
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oils
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