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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Layers of Teeth (3)
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Enamel - mineralized outer layer
Dentin - living tissue Dental Pulp - vascular, innervated |
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Dental Caries
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Bacteria form plaque/biofilm -> produce acid by fermenting sugars which destroy tooth
often S. Mutans, Lactobacillis |
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Periapical Abscess
treatment? complications? |
dental caries progresses to pulp -> abscess formation at root apex
treatment: root canal, fillings complicaitons: abcess can drain into other cavities and spaces in the face -> cellulitis, ludwig's angina (medical emergencies) |
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Ludwig's Angina
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Periapical abcess drains to below the myloid hyoid m. to floor of mouth -> infection -> swelling -> block airway
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Periapical Granuloma
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ignored periapical abcess can become chronic inflammation
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Periapical Cyst
complication? |
chronic inflammation from periapical abcess stimulates epithelial rests (embryonic dental tissue) to form cyst
can cause pathologic fracture of mandible |
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Gingivitis
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plaque accumulates on tooth -> becomes calcified to tartar -> inflammation of gingiva
erythema, edema, hemorrhage, tenderness of gingiva, gingival recession |
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Periodontitis
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Biofilm transition to facultative bacteria to g- anaerobic bacteria
bone resorption and loss of gingival attachment - increase bone pocket depth |
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Periodontitis
complications? |
complications: bacterial endocarditis, lower resp infection
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Dentigerous Cyst
what is it? complications? |
Cyst around unerupted/impacted tooth often 3rd molar
forms from ameloblast complication: pathologic fracture |
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Odontogenic Keratocyst
what is it? likely location? |
parakeratinizing epithelial lining without rete peg formation
aggresive, resorbes bone, hard to ressect likely location: posterior mandible |
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Ameloblastoma
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most common benign true tumor of odontogenic tissue
causes bone destruction, very agressive, poorly encapsulated -> recurrance multioccular, intraosseous |
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Histology of Ameloblastoma
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Pallasading columnar cells with nucleus away from the basement
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Odontoma
Compound vs Complex |
not a true tumor - harmatoma - disorganized mature of dental tissue
Compound resemble teeth Complex don't resemble teeth |
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aphthous stomatitis
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canker sore, oral ulcer of unknown cause likely multifactorial
can be small (minor) or large (major) painful |
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acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
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HSV1 usually, sometimes HSV2
painful, vesicular eruption -> ulcers becomes latent - hides in trigeminal gangilion -> erupts as secondary (recurrent) form on lips or hard pallet |
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Herpes Labialis
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secondary outbreak of cold sores from HSV1 or 2 often on vermillion zone
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Oral candidiasis (Thrush)
Erythematous Candidiasis Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis |
most common oral fungal infection
usually candida albicans infection usually results from immunocompromized state (system or local) forms white deposit that you can scrape off Erythematous Candidiasis - no deposit - just red Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis - due to denture |
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Oral hairy Leukoplakia
etiology? which patients? significance? morphology? |
etiology: EBV
immunocompromised pateints raised, white, verrucous plaques on lateral tongue early marker for worsening of HIV |
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irritation fibroma
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REACTIVE, localized aggregation of fibrous tissue forms a nodule
due to irritation or trauma |
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pyogenic granuloma
which patients are more susceptible? histology? |
REACTIVE - not pyogenic or a real granuloma
associated with pregnancy (hormonal changes) histology: capilary vascular spaces - hemangioma - ulcerates and bleeds easily due to irritation or trauma |
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peripheral ossifying fibroma
what is it? location? |
exclusive to gingiva
REACTIVE aggregation of fibrous tissue with foci of bone or cementum |
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peripheral giant cell granuloma
what is it? location? |
REACTIVE - multinucleated giant cells in vascular stroma
purple nodule exclusive to gingiva |
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leukoplakia
what is it? location? |
white patch on floor of mouth, ventral or lateral tongue
clinical diagnosis - must rule out other disease and lesion cannot be scraped off most are hyperkeratosis but some (25%) turn out to be dysplasia/carcinoma should be biopsy and removed |
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erythroplakia
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red patch on oral mucosa - cannot be determined to be anything else
90% show dysplasia/carcinoma should remove/biopsy |
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squamous cell carcinoma
gross morphology? histology? |
94% of all oral cancers
etiology - tobacco, UV light on lip, HPV, betal chewing, ethanol gross: nonhealing ulcer with indurated, elevated, rolled boarders, PAINLESS histology: -sheets, chords, nests of malignant cells which invade submucosa -keratin perals |
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erythroleukplakia
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mix of leukoplakia and erythroplakia - just as dangerous as erythroplakia
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Verrucous carcinoma
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papillary form of SCC that invades with borad, pushing margins rather than nests of cells
etiology: chewing tabacco good prognosis - metastasis rare |
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Melanoma
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intraoral worse prognosis than extraoral. if you cant determine it to be an amalgum tatoo, then must remove immediately
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mucocele
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traumatic severance of duct - muscin pools in lamina propria
most common salivary gland lesion mucin filled pseudocyst in submucosa |
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ranula
treatment? |
blockage in wharton (submandibular) duct - swelling
remove entire gland |
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sialadenitis
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bacterial infection of salivary gland
usually S. aureus or viridan ...often due to dehydration or medication that causes stasis |
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sialolith
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salivary gland stone - blocks flow causing stasis -> bacterial infection
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pleomorphic adenoma
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most common salivary gland neoplasm
pleomorphic - mixture of cells, pseudocapsule, intraloral salivary gland benign, but can become malrignant |
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warthin tumor - papillary cystadenoma lymphomastosum
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2nd most common salivary gland tumor
benign males perotid only etiology: smoking morphology - papillary projections into cystic spaces, bilayer of cells on papillary |
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mucoepidermoid carcinoma
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most common primary salivary gland MALIGNANCY
sheets of squamous cells - epidermoid + mucoid secerting cells |
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adenoid cystic carcinoma
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malignant
grows along nerves and sheaths histology: ductal cells and myoepithelial cells in caribriform, tubular, solid patterns painful, slow, persistant (recurrent) |