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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is biotechnology? |
Biotechnology is the industrial use of living organisms to produce food, drugs and other products. |
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The living organisms used for biotechnology are mostly... |
...microorganisms. |
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Why are microorganisms mostly used in biotechnology? |
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State 7 industrial processes that use microorganisms. |
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Explain the role of microorganisms in brewing. |
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Explain the role of microorganism in baking. |
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Explain the role of microorganisms in cheese making (mention enzymes used, lactic acid and blue cheese). |
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Explain the role of microorganisms in yoghurt production. |
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Explain the role of microorganisms in penicillin production. |
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Explain the role of microorganisms in insulin production. |
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Explain what bioremediation is and how microorganisms help carry it out. |
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Microorganisms can also be grown as a source of .........., called .......-......... .........., which act as a valuable food source for humans and other animals. |
1. protein 2. single-celled proteins. |
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Name two examples of microorganisms used to make single-celled proteins. |
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State four advantages of using microorganisms to produce food for human consumption. |
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State four disadvantages of using microorganisms to produce food for human consumption. |
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Biotechnology uses cultures of microorganisms. What is a culture? |
A culture is a population of one type of microorganism that's been grown under controlled conditions. |
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Cultures are grown in .......... containers called .......... vessels to either obtain lots of the .......... or to collect lots of a useful .......... that the microorganism makes. |
1. large 2. fermentation 3. microorganism 4. product |
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State two of the main methods for culturing microorganisms. |
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Explain what batch fermentation is.
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Batch fermentation is where microorganisms are grown in individual batches in a fermentation vessel - when one culture ends it's removed and then a different batch of microorganisms are grown in the vessel. This is known as a closed culture. |
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Explain what continuous fermentation is. |
This is where microorganisms are continually grown in a fermentation vessel without stopping. Nutrients are put in and waste products are taken out at a constant rate. |
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State five factors in a fermentation vessel that need to be kept at the optimum for growth. |
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How is pH regulated and how does it maximise yield in a fermentation vessel? |
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How is temperature regulated and how does it maximise yield in a fermentation vessel? |
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How is access to nutrients regulated and how does it maximise yield in a fermentation vessel? |
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How is the volume of oxygen regulated and how does it maximise yield in a fermentation vessel? |
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How is the vessel being kept sterile regulated and how does it maximise yield in a fermentation vessel? |
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Label this diagram. |
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What is a closed culture? |
A closed culture is when growth takes place in a vessel that is isolated from the external environment - extra nutrients aren't added and waste products aren't removed from the vessel during growth. |
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In a closed culture, a population of microorganisms follow a standard growth curve. Sketch how this graph may look like. |
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Name and explain what is happening in stage 1 of this graph. |
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Name and explain what is happening in stage 2 of this graph. |
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Name and explain what is happening in stage 3 of this graph. |
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Name and explain what is happening in stage 4 of this graph. |
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