Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Presentation of a chancroid
|
Chancroid does not cause systemic symptoms of fever and leads to a soft, non indurated, painful ulcer.
Haemophilus ducreyi Management : erythromycin PO |
|
Adverse events in pre-eclampsia
|
1) headache, visual changes or grand mal seizure
2) blood pressure greater than 180/100 3) pulmonary edema 4) right upper quadrant pain or elevated liver function tests 5) Oliguria (<500 ml/24 hours) 6) Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia 7) Oligohydramnios or IUGR |
|
Which women should receive antibiotics for GBS?
|
GBS are a part of the normal flora of many women. During pregnancy, as many as 20 to 40% of women will be colonized with GBS. Most neonates born to colonized mothers will not develop infection with GBS; however, approximately 1 to 4% will.
Two primary methods are used to determine which women should receive antibiotics : 1) Base on the mother's risk factors - Positive urine culture - Previous delivery of baby with GBS infection - Membrane rupture duration greater than 18 hours - Preterm labour (< 37 weeks) - Intrapartum fever of 38.5 or greater 2) Positive GBS screening at 35 weeks (vaginal and rectal sampling) |
|
Management of a rubella non immune woman planning on becoming pregnant
|
Administer MMR vaccine preferably 3 months before conception.
|
|
Managing a non immune pregnant woman who has been exposed to VZV
|
Measure serum IgG for VZV. If negative, administer VZIG, which is 75% effective if given within 96 hours of exposure.
|
|
Trichomonas vaginalis shape
|
Pear shape, flagellated organism on the normal saline, wet mount smear preparation.
|
|
RIsk factors for uterine rupture
|
The most commonly cited risk factor is prior surgery to myometrium (C/S, myomectomy)
It can also be associated with: - blunt abdominal trauma - oxytocin use - perforation with an intrauterine pressure catheter - grand multiparity - fetal malpresentation - difficult delivery with forceps or breech extractions |
|
Management of an acute hypertensive episode in pregnancy
|
The goal of antihypertensive therapy during an acute episode of severe hypertension is not to lower blood pressure to normotensive levels but rather to a mild-moderate hypertensive level, with a diastolic blood pressure of 90-100 mm Hg.
|
|
When should an external fetal version be performed?
|
It should be performed after 37 weeks, because it could increase the risks of labour induction.
If a mother is Rh negative, WinRho should also be administered because there i as risk of isoimmunisation. |
|
Presentation of post partum psychosis
|
Postpartum psychosis usually occurs hours to days postpartum and is characterized by anxiety, agitation, insomnia, confusion and ideation of hurting oneself, the baby or others.
Referral to a psychiatrist STAT. |
|
Treatment of pyelonephritis in pregnancy
|
If the patient is stable, outpatient treatment with TMP-SMX or Augmentin may be tried, although many suggest that a pregnant woman with pyelonephritis should be hospitalized.
Inpatient management includes IV Ancef +/- Gentamycin. 48 hours post no fever, patient can be switched to TMP-SMX or Nitrofurantoin. |
|
Main treatment is type I diabetic pregnant woman during pregnancy.
|
Insulin (continuous infusion pump).
Avoid hyperglycemias as much as possible. |
|
Presentation of placenta abruptio
|
The classic triad of presentation is T3 bleeding, painful uterus contractions and fetal distress. Definitive diagnosis can be made when there is a retroplacental clot.
The most common causes of abruption are maternal hypertension and trauma. Cocaine use is also associated with abruption. |
|
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vaginal tract
|
Rare cancer associated with in utero exposure to DES.
|
|
Treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis
|
Metronidazole for patient and partner
|
|
Protection factor against ovarian cancer
|
OCP
|
|
Molluscum contagiosum
|
Poxvirus
Infection can occur with or without sexual contact. It is a rare infection that tends to occur in immunocompromised patients. The lesions have a typical appearance in that they are small, dome-shaped, flesh coloured papules with a smooth surface. Many of the lesions will be umbilicated. Diagnosis is made by biopsy. Treatment is made by destruction with laser, liquid nitrogen or trichloroacetic acid. |
|
Management of cervical cancer during pregnancy
|
If cervical cancer develops during the first trimester, the pregnancy should be terminated and treatment of cancer should start.
If the cancer is diagnosed late in pregnancy, one can wait for fetal maturity prior to delivery and treatment. |
|
Prognosis of migraine headaches during pregnancy
|
They usually improve in 2/3 of pregnant women with pre-existing migraine.
|
|
Diaphragm use
|
It should be placed prior to coitus. Spermicide should be added.
If a second coitus takes place, additional spermicide should be added. After coitus, the diaphragm should be left in place for 6 hours to allow for complete immobilization of sperm. It should be taken out in 6 hours or at most the next morning in order to prevent TSS. |
|
When to start evaluation of recurrent abortions? What to screen for?
|
After 2 spontaneous abortions, screening for causes should be started.
Screen for : - uterine anomalies - diabetes - lupus - T4 disease - coagulopathy - Karyotype - infection - auto immune antibodies |
|
DMPA side effects
|
Weight gain (2.5 kgs)
Spotting Irregular bleeding patterns Amenorrhea for 6 months after stopping the injections Headache Decreased libido Tiredness Hair loss |
|
Spontaneous abortions risks
|
Approximately, 20% to 25% of pregnant women will have T1 bleeding and the chief concern is with ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion.
Of those women, about 50% will go on to have a spontaneous abortion. However, once fetal cardiac activity is seen, the risk of abortion is around 10%. |
|
Management of hydatiform mole
|
Evacuation and curetage + serial follow ups until b-hcg negative
|
|
Most common congenital malformation associated with type I diabetes
|
Sacral agenesis
|
|
Timing for placement of cerclage
|
Late first or early second trimester, because the patient is at risk of spontaneous abortion during T1,
|
|
Risk factors for post C/S wound infection
|
Poor surgical technique
Low SES Extended duration of labour and ruptured membranes Chorioamnionitis Obesity Type I diabetes Immunodeficiency Corticosteroid therapy |
|
Which patients can have a vaginal delivery after C/S
|
Those with a prior low transverse uterine incision or low vertical uterine incision.
|
|
Methotrexate use in ectopic pregnancy
|
< 3.5 cm
no fetal heart Reliable patient b-hcg < 15 000 No medical contra-indication to MTX use |
|
PAP smear frequency in HIV positive women
|
Q 6 months
|
|
Characteristic of ovaries on physical exam in post menopausal women
|
They are not palpable.
If they are, they should raise the possibility of malignancy. |
|
Does Depo Provera increase the risk of thrombo-embolic events?
|
no
|
|
Approved regimen for interruption of pregnancy after implantation
|
Mifepristone (RU-486)
|
|
What is Plan B composed of?
|
2 doses of 750 ug of levonorgesterl taken 12 h apart
May alternatively take levonorgestrel 1.5 mg once |
|
What is the yuzpe method composed of?
|
PO administration of 2 doses of EE 100 ug + levonorgestrel 500 ug 12 h apart.
"Ovral" tablets are most commonly used to provide these doses. |
|
SI of triptans during pregnancy
|
labour induction
promoting Uterine contractions constricting fetal and placental vessels |
|
Branches of the internal iliac artery
|
Posterior division
- superior gluteal - iliolumbar - lateral sacral Anterior - obturator - internal pudendal + middle rectal + inferior rectal - uterine - superior and inferior vesical - vaginal branches - umbilicated artery |
|
Average time for resumption of menses after pregnancy (if not breastfeeding)
|
8 weeks.
70-90% of women have their menses back at 3 months. They could have them back as soon as 6 weeks PP. |
|
Chandelier Sign
|
Pain on cervix mobilisation
|