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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the energy producing nutrients?
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proteins, lipids/fats, carbohydrates
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What are the non-energy producing nutrients?
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water, minerals, vitamins
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List 3 ways an animal can acquire water
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drinking, eating, metabolic water
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What is an antioxidant?
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substance which inhibits the oxidation of another substance (ie. stops the breakdown of another substance)
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Why do you need antioxidants in diets containing fat?
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fat is easily oxidized and can become rancid, once fat is oxidized it is of no value and the animal can become deficient
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What does an energy-dense diet contain a high concentration of?
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fat
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Taurine is an amino acid which is only essential to what animal?
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cat
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What is dietary fibre often used for in reducing diets?
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bulk in reducing diets, used as filler to fill the animal before the energy requirements are met, good for colon health as it improves GI motility and increases emptying time
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What is the basic component of a protein?
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amino acids (essential and non-essential)
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What is pansteatitis?
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aka yellow fat disease, in animals fed high fat diet low in antioxidants - fat oxidizes and causes discolouration of fat and painful fibrous deposits in the adipose tissue
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Define: nutrient
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any food constituent that helps support life; a component of food
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What is lysine?
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an essential amino acid for dogs and cats
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Define: non-essential amino acids
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proteins that can be synthesized by the animal
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Define: essential amino acids
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proteins that the animal is unable to synthesize at all, or insufficient amounts
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Define: amino acids
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the basic component of protein, there are essential and non-essential
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Define: linolenic
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essential fatty acid for dogs and cats, can be synthesized by both cat and dog if they have sufficient amounts of linoleic acid, best sources are vegetable oils (corn, soybean)
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Define: carbohydrates
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a nutrient that can provide the animal with "quick energy", classifed by solubility (digestibility) (2 types: monosaccharides and polysaccharides)
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Define: proteins
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large, complex molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
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Define: digestible energy
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the amount of energy left over when some of the gross energy is lost in the feces
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Define: fats/lipids
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the most concentrated energy source
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What is taurine?
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an essential amino acid for cats
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Define: Hepatic Lipidosis
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aka fatty liver disease, usually observed in fat cats who have been anorexic for a couple days, body needs to use reserves of fat for energy (after protein in muscles is used up), large amounts of fat sent to liver to be metabolized & liver cells are unable to handle and do not perform normal functions, begin to see liver signs (jaundice, vomiting)
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Define: monosaccharides
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simple carbohydrates (sugars and starches), considered soluble because no digestion is required to be absorbed (eg. glucose, fructose, galactose)
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Define: Polysaccharides
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complex carbohydrates, considered insoluble because they require a great deal of breakdown before they can be absorbed (eg. cellulose, starch, dietary fibre and glycogen)
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Define: net energy
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the amount of energy remaining when ME loses some energy in heat production (from digestion, absorption, etc)
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Define: arachidonic
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saturated fatty acid acquired mainly from animal fats and fish - can be synthesized from linoleic acid in dog but NOT in cat - many fish oils contain certain fatty acids that can inhibit the animal's ability to use arachidonic acid and can lead to deficiences
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Define: metabolizable energy
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the amount of energy left over when some of the gross energy is lost in the feces, urine and combustible gas (flatulation)
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Define: calorie
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measurement of the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5 C to 15.5 C
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Define: gross energy
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the amount of heat released when the food is completely burned, measured in kcal/kg of food
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What units are energy requirements measured in?
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kilocalories
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