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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
metabolism
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physical & chemical changes taking place in a cell, includes all reactions by which the body obtains and spends the energy from food
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epidemiology
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study of large populations of people, shows only risk factors for a specific disease
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adequacy
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providing all the essential nutrients, fiber, & energy in amounts sufficient to maintain health and body weight
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balance
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providing foods of a number of types in proportion to each other, those with one nutrient don't crowd out foods with other nutrients
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Daily Values
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nutrient standards printed on labels, general 2000 calorie diet
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phytochemicals
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nonnutrient that may have druglike or medicinal effects
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nutrient density
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nutrients per calorie of food
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phospholipid
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present in cell membranes, allow material exchange
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active absorption (transport)
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protein carrier, needs energy
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diffusion
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no carrier, doesn't need energy
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facilitated diffusion
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carrier, doesn't need energy
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plasma
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cell free fluid part of blood and lymph
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hormones
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chemical messengers
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lymph
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fluid that moves through the lymphatic system, from bloodstream to tissue and back
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portal circulation
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from intestinal capillaries directly to the liver
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antibodies
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proteins of the immune system that fight foreign substances (antigens)
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antigen
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a foreign substance, causes formation of antibodies
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genes
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code for body proteins
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mitochondria
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energy production (ATP)
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epithelium
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tissue, 1st defense of immune system, skin & digestive tract
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capillary
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weblike blood vessels, connect arteries to veins, transfer materials between blood and tissues
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lacteal
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lymphatic vessels of the small intestine that absorb digested fats
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epinephrine
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major hormone that activates the stress response
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norepinephrine
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hormone, helps elicit the stress response
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hypothalamus
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portion of the brain that integrates and coordinates the endocrine and nervous system to control homeostasis
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stress response
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hormone mediated, effects are increased heart rate and slowed digestion
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bicarbonate
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secreted by the pancreas, neutralizes ph of chyme
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chyme
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result of the mechanical action of the stomach, liquified mass of food
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