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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cranial nerves associated with nucleus and tractus solitarius
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VII, IX, X
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Cranial nerves associated with nucleus ambigus
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IX, X, XI
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Cranial nerves associated with dorsal motor nucleus vagus (parasympathetic)
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X only
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Cranial nerves associated with anterior horn
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XI only
Motor cell bodies in anterior horn [C1-C5] |
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Location of nucleus and tract solitarus
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Posterolateral medulla (extend from caudal to rostral medulla)
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Modalities carried by nucleus and tract solitarus
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– Special sensory [taste] : VII and IX
– Visceral sensory: IX, X |
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Where do the fibers for CN VI, IX, X terminate within the nucleus solitaire
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- Tastes fibers [7 and 9] terminate in the rostral part
– General visceral afferents [9 and 10] terminate in middle and caudal parts respectively |
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Pathway from nucleus solitarius --> cortex
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nucleus ambigus --> dorsal motor nucleus of X --> Thalamus (VPM) and hypothalamus --> somatosensory cortex (post central gyrus)
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What types of information is being carried by cranial nerves IX and X to the nucleus solitarus
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– Gag reflex [9]
– Stretch of gut, blood pressure receptors, blood oxygen [10] |
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Modalities carried by nucleus ambiguus
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– Somatic motor : IX and X
– Parasympathetic : vagal neurons to heart |
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Location of nucleus ambiguus
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Central part of tegmentum of medulla, medial to spinal tract and nucleus of V.
- extends from caudal to rostral medulla |
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Targets for nerves arising from nucleus ambiuus
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IX and X: voluntary skeletal muscle of
- soft palate - pharynx - larynx - upper part of esophagus X: Parasympathetic to heart (cardioinhibitory) - most rostral cells are parasympathetic |
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Where do fibers leaving nucleus ambiuus emerge on brainstem?
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posterior to olive
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Modalities carried by dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMN X)
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Parasympathetic (visceral motor)
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Location of DMN X
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Dorsal medulla, lateral to hypoglossal nucleus
(extends from caudal to rostral medulla) |
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Input to DMN X
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from hypothalamus
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Fibers from DMN X emerge where on brainstem?
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Groove posterior to olive (as part of X)
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Targets for fibers leaving DMN X
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- thoracic viscera and abdominal viscera (smooth muscles and glands of resp and GI tracts)
- cardiac muscle |
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Locations of spinal trigerminal nucleus
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nucleus extend from cervical spine level to rostral pons
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Modalities carried by spinal trigeminal nucleus
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pain and temp (and some touch)
* NB main input to spinal trigeminal nucleus is from CN V |
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Where do neurons leaving trigeminal nucleus travel to?
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- cross midline
- ascend to VPM of thalamus |
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Location of accessory nucleus
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cell bodies in anterior horns of C1-C5
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Accessory nerve path after leaving spinal cord
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from C1-C5 --> foramen magnum --> join with fibers of X --> exit through jugular foramen --> to target
** corticobulbar fibers to the accesory nucleus project IPSILATERALLY for SCM and CONTRALATERALLY for trapezius |
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Targets for accessory nerve
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- trapezius
- SCM |
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modalities carried in chief sensory nucleus of V by CN IX
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general somatic afferent
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function of spinal trigeminal nucleus & cheif sensory ncl. of V for CN IX
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general sensation from the posterior 1/3 of tongue, tonsil, skin of external ear, internal surface of tympanic membrane, pharynx
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Functions of nucleus of tractus solitarius for CN IX
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- chemoreceptors and baroreceptors from carotid body
- gag sensation from pharynx (afferent limb of gag reflex) - taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue |
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Function of nucleus ambiguus for CN IX
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innervation of stylophayngeus m.
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Function of inferior salivatory nucleus for CN IX
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stimulation of parotid gland
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Modality carried by inferior salivatory nucleus for IX
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General visceral efferent (parasympathetics) to parotid
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Summary pf 6 main functions of glossophayngeal nerve
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- general sensation to post 1/3 tongue etc (GSA)
- chemoreceptors and baroreceptors (GVA) - gag sensation (GVA) - taste from post 1/3 tongue (SVA) - stylopharygeus muscle (SVE) - parotid gland (GVE) |
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GSA functions of vagus
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Sensation from
- posterior meniniges - concha - skin of back of ear and ext. aut meatus - pharynx - larynx |
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GVA functions of vagus
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- larynx
- trachea - esophagus - thoracix and abd viscera - stretch receptors in walls of aortic arch - chemoreceptors in aortic bodies adj. to arch |
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SVE functions of vagus
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innervate:
- constrictor muscles of pharynx - levator palatini - salpingophayngeus - palatophayngeus - palatoglossus - cricothyroid - intrinsic muscles of larynx |
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GVE functions of vagus
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Parasympthetics to:
- smooth muscles and glands of pharynx, larynx and thoracic and abd viscera - cardiac muscle |
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Clinical signs of damage to nucleus of tractus solitarius
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- difficulty in regulating BP
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Clinical signs of damage to nucleus ambiguus
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- hoarse voice (when unilateral)
- difficulty with phonation - efferent limb of gag reflex |
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Clinical signs of damage to dorsal vagus of nucleus
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- trouble with swallowing
- history of tachycardia |