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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is it called when the pH is at which the number of positive and negative charges on a molecule equal each other?
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Isoelectric point (pI)
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At physiologic pH, all amino acids have both a negatively charged _____ group and a positively charged _____ group. They are, therefore _____ ions, or a _____.
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Carboxyl
Amino Dipolar Zwitterion |
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Proteins are effective buffers because they contain what?
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Amino acid residues with different pKa's
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_____ in pK means a stronger ability to bind hydrogen ions.
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Increase
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What is the most important buffer in extracellular fluid including blood due to the decomposition of water and carbon dioxide, the latter being eliminated very rapidly through the lungs?
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Carbonic Acid system
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What part of the body is the carbonic acid system most important in?
Why? |
Oral cavity
Neutralization of acids in foods and those produced by oral bacteria |
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What is the major determinate of blood pH?
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Balance between bicarbonate and CO2
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_____ is a major intracellular buffer.
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Hemoglobin
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Buffer systems most commonly consist of a _____ _____ and a _____, or _____ _____.
What do these systems essentially do? |
Weak acid (proton donor)
salt, conjugate base (proton acceptor) Release H+ when pH drops and adds H+ when pH rises. |
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The _____ range of a buffered solution is given by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
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pH
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What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
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Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]
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The _____ Ka the stronger the acid.
The _____ Ka the weaker the acid. |
Larger
Smaller |
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What is the equation of the dissociation constant?
What equation is derived from this? |
pH = pKa + log[A-]/[HA]
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation |
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How is excess acid excreted by the kidney's?
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As hydrogen ion, ammonium ion, or combined with phosphate
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What are the major buffers of the blood?
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Bicarbonate, hemoglobin, albumin
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What type of patient is most likely to have metabolic alkalosis?
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A patient who is vomiting
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Excessive blood acidity characterized by an inappropriately low level of bicarbonate in the blood caused by chronic renal failure, diarrhea and salicylate poisoning.
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Metabolic acidosis
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Excessive blood acidity caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood as a result of poor lung function or slow breathing.
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Respiratory Acidosis
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A condition in which the blood is alkaline because of an inappropriately high level of bicarbonate. Other causes include hyperaldosterism and the use of thiazide diuretics.
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Metabolic Alkalosis
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A condition in which the blood is alkaline because rapid or deep breathing results in a low blood carbon dioxide level.
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Respiratory Alkalosis
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What is the primary disturbance of metabolic acidosis?
What is the compensation? |
Decreased [HCO3-]
Decreased pCO2 |
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What is the primary disturbance of metabolic alkalosis?
What is the compensation? |
Increased [HCO3-]
Increased pCO2 |
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What is the primary disturbance of respiratory acidosis?
What is the compensation? |
Increased pCO2
Increased [HCO3-] |
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What is the primary disturbance of respiratory alkalosis?
What is the compensation? |
Decreased pCO2
Decreased [HCO3-] |