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249 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Who first cultivated grapes to make wines in the lands that would become Italy?
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Etruscans, Celtic Tribes (Gauls), and Greek settlers before the Romans started to in 2nd Century B.C.
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How many grape varieties are there in Italy?
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350 authorized with at least 500 more that are known, (some suggest over 2,000)
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Name 3 factors that help explain why Italy has so many distinctive wines.
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(any 3 below)
•Proliferation of many grape types •Pronounced regional differences with only recent attempts at unification (1861) •Different Soil Types •Different Solar hours per year •Different Winds, etc |
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1)Who developed oak for wine storage and discovered it's effects on the wine?
2)Clay amphora bottling? |
1)Celtic populations in Northern Italy
2)The Romans |
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In what current country are the oldest continuously used vineyards in the world?
BONUS: What subregion? |
Italy
Valtellina in Lombardia. |
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Name the (typically) largest wine producing country in the world. The largest exporter to the US?
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Italy. Italy. Revolution in 1970 changed Italy from a mass producer -> a larger producer of quality
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What is VDT in the Italian Appellation System?
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Vino da Tavola - Table Wine that is made in Italy but has no vintage, appellation, or varietal information.
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What is IGT in the Italian Appellation System? When and why was it created?
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Indicazione Geographica Tipica - Table wine that is Typical of an Indicated Geographical zone but without regulations on varietals, viniculture, viticulture - just GEOGRAPHICAL constraints.
It was created in 1992 to give more indication of quality on wines where winemakers had increased levels of experimentation (like "Super Tuscans") |
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What is DOC in the Italian Appellation System? When and why was it created?
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Denominazione di Origine Controllata - a QWPSR (Quality Wine Produced in a Specific Region) wine that has specific regulations controlling most aspects of the wine making.
Along with DOCG it was created in 1963 to emulate the French AOC system to recognize quality and typical wines. |
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What is DOCG in the Italian Appellation System? When and why was it created?
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Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita - a QWPSR (Quality Wine Produced in a Specific Region) wine that has specific regulations controlling almost all aspects of the wine making. The government further taste tests the wine to make sure it adheres to a standard for that DOCG.
Along with DOCG it was created in 1963 to emulate the French AOC system to recognize quality and typical wines. |
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What does "Classico" refer to?
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For DOC and DOCG wines: wine produced in oldest and most renowned area in an appellation.
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What does "Superiore" (Superior) refer to?
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For DOC and DOCG wines: mainly referring to having a percentage of alcohol by volume higher than normally required for the appellation.
N.B. some DOCG wines ONLY refer to the Superiore classification of an appellation |
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What does "Riserva" (Riserve) refer to?
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For DOC and DOCG wines: a wine that underwent a longer aging process than normally required for the appellation. While there is no standard across different appellations, it is typically an extra year with notable exceptions (Barolo, Brunello di Montalcino, Aglianico del Vulture Superiore)
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What does "Novello" refer to?
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For DOC and DOCG wines: wine produced with carbonic maceration and can be released to market 2 months after harvest (think Beaujolais Nouveau)
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What does "Liquoroso" refer to?
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Fortified wines (added ethyl alcohol)
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What does "Spumante" refer to?
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Fully sparkling wine (over 3 bars)
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What does "Frizzante" refer to?
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Fizzy wines (1-2.5 bars)
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What does "Passito" refer to?
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Sweet wines that are made from grapes that are dried out before pressing ("appassimento")
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Name 2 examples of DRY DOCG wines that are made with the appassimento method.
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Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG
Sforzato della Valtellina DOCG Malanotte del Piave DOCG others? |
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Name 5 examples of DOCG Passito wines
If the DOCG allows for a Passito option as opposed to only being Passito, put Passito in parenthesis. |
Moscato di Scanzo DOCG
Colli di Conegliano Refrontolo Rosso Passito DOCG Colli di Conegliano Torchiato di Fregona DOCG Recioto di Gambellara Classico DOCG Recioto di Soave Classico DOCG Recioto della Valpolicella Classico Valpantena DOCG Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit + Cialla DOCG Ramandolo Elba Aleatico Passito Albana di Romagna (Passito) DOCG Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva (Passito) DOCG Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva (Passito) DOCG Montefalco Sagrantino (Passito) DOCG Cannellino di Frascati DOCG Vermentino di Gallura (Passito) DOCG |
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What does "Vendemmia Tardiva" refer to?
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Late harvest wines that are almost always sweet wines (some exceptions in Islands and South, like some Vermentino in Sardegna)
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Name the different levels of sweetness and their meaning.
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Abboccato: semi dry
Amabile: semi sweet Dolce: sweet |
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EU/OCM wine rules
1)What are the 2 categories of wines/foods? 2)Is there use mandated in lieu of DOC system |
1)Wines with Origin (PDO, DOP, PGI, IGP) and Wines without Origin (Varietal wines, Generic table wines)
2)No. Either can be used. |
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BONUS: Name some ways that PDO/DOP wines differ from PGI/IGP wines under EU system
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Exclusively determined by geographical Environment. Both require production to be within that area.
•100% of grapes must come from area (vs. 85%) •100% Vitis Vinifera (vs. Vitis Vinifera plus possibly other Vitis genus, like Vitis Lambrusca) |
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Valle d'Aosta
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Piemonte
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Lombardia
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Trentino Alto Adige
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Veneto
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Friuli Venezia Giulia
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Liguria
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Emilia - Romagna
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Toscana
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Lazio
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Marche
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Umbria
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Abruzzo
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Molise
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Campania
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Puglia
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Basilicata
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Calabria
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Sicilia
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Sardegna
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Which two regions do not have any IGT wines?
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Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta
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Marsala
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Marsala XXXXX
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Name the main grapes in Central Italy.
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Sangiovese. Trebbiano.
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Name the 16 DOCG of Piemonte
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Alta Langa DOCG
Asti & Moscato d'Asti DOCG Barbaresco DOCG Barolo DOCG Barbera d'Asti DOCG Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG Nizza DOCG Brachetto d'Acqui DOCG Dolcetto di Diano DOCG Dolcetto di Dogliani Superiore or Dogliani DOCG Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore or Ovada DOCG Gavi or Gavi del Comune di Gavi DOCG Erbaluce di Caluso or Caluso DOCG Roero DOCG Ruché di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG |
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Give the specs for Alta Langa DOCG
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Piemonte (Langhe)
Pino Nero and/or Chardonnay 90-100% + non aromatic grapes 10% ABV 11.5% Months 30, 36(R), 30 (S) Spumante (White, Rosé, Riserva) |
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Give the specs for Asti & Moscato d'Asti DOCG
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Piemonte (Astigiano)
Moscato Bianco 100% ABV 12% (Asti) / 11% (Moscato d'Asti) no aging Spumante & Frizzante |
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Give the specs for Barbaresco DOCG
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Nebbiolo 100% (Lampia & Michet)
ABV 12.5% Months 26, 50 (R) Regular / Riserva |
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Give some deeper details on Barbaresco DOCG
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Queen of Italian Wines.
DOCG in 1980. 3 subzones: Barbaresco, Nieve, Treiso (+San Rocco Senodelvio) 1/3 size of Barolo - 1400+ acres Tortonian (sandier) soils near Tanaro river, 200-400 meter above sea level on steep hills. Climate is a bit warmer, drier, milder than Barolo. More elegant and perfumed, less tannic than Barolo. Ovello is largest Cru More typically in Albeisa bottles |
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Give the specs for Barolo DOCG
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Nebbiolo 100%
ABV 13% Months: 38 (18 in Oak), 62 (R, 18 in Oak) Regular, Riserva, Barolo Chinato Cru's as opposed to Sottozone (first time Italy has approached ranking vineyards) |
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Give some deeper details on Barolo DOCG
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Kingd of Italian Wines.
DOCG in 1980. 11 villages in 2 different soil types due to migration of Tanaro river, effectively bisecting Barolo region in Helvetian and Tortonian soils 4400 acres 200-400 meter above sea level on steep hills. Top of the hill: Bricco Best Southern exposure: Sorí |
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What is Barolo Chinato DOCG?
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Within the Barolo DOCG
Fortified Barolo with quinine (+ the addition of 20ish herbs and spices) that effectively undergoes both an Amaro and Vermouth technique Paired with chocolate |
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Name the 5 most important villages for Barolo (bonus for naming the other 3 + 3 parts of villages)
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La Morra (-structure, -alcohol, +fruit, +elegance)
Barolo (+balance, +smooth, +earthiness) Monforte d'Alba (+aromatic, -agressive) Serralunga (++body, +tannins, +time to mature) Castiglione Falletto (+elegant, +fragrant, +crispness) Grinzane Cavour Verduno (+mineral) Novello Cherasco Diano d'Alba Roddi |
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Name and describe the two main soil types of Barolo
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Tortonion (T) and Helvetian (H) split by ancient river path of the Tanaro river.
Tortonion is more fertile with sand, limestone, manganese vs. clay, chalky, sandstone and produces more aromatic, soft, and balanced wines that mature more quickly. |
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Name the main grapes in Southern Italy.
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Aglianico.
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Give the specs for Barbera d'Asti DOCG
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Piemonte (Astigiano)
Barbera min. 90% ABV 12%, 12.5% (S) Months: 4, 14 with at least 6 in wood (S) Subzones for Superiore (Nizza [no longer], Tinella, Colli Astiani Regular Red, Superiore |
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Give the specs for Nizza DOCG
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Piemonte (Astigiano)
Barbera 100 % ABV 13% 14, 30(S) Latest addition to DOCG - used to be sub zone of Barbera d'Asti Regular Red, Riserva |
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Give the specs for Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG
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Piemonte (Astigiano - NOT Monferrato)
Barbera min 85% + Freisa, Grignolino, Dolcetto 15% ABV 12.5% (S) Months: 14 (S) Regular Red |
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Give the specs for Brachetto d'Acqui DOCG
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Piemonte (Astigiano)
Brachetto min. 97% ABV 11.5%, 12% (S) Months: 12 Frizzante, Spumante, Rosé |
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Give the specs for Dolcetto di Dogliani Superiore OR Dogliani DOCG
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Piemonte (Langhe)
Dolcetto 100% ABV 13% (S) Months: 12 (S) Superiore |
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Give the specs for Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba DOCG
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Piemonte (Langhe)
Dolcetto 100% ABV 11.5%, 12.5% (S) Months: 10 Regular Red, Superiore |
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Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore OR Ovada DOCG
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Piemonte (Monferrato/Langhe)
Dolcetto 100% ABV 12.5% (S) Months: 24 (R), 12 (S) Superiore, Riserva |
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Give the specs for Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG
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Piemonte (Alto Piemonte)
Erbaluce 100% ABV 11%, 17% (Passito) Regular White or Passito |
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Give the specs for Gattinara DOCG
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Piemonte (Alto Piemonte)
Nebbiolo (Spanna) 90% + Vespolina - Bonarda 10% ABV 12.5%, 13% (R) Months: 36, 48 (R) Regular Red or Riserva |
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Give the specs for Ghemme DOCG
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Piemonte (Alto Piemonte)
Nebbiolo (Spanna) + Vespolina - Uva Rara (Bonarda) 10% ABV 12%, 12.5% (R) Months: 34, 46 (R) Regular Red or Riserva [Colline Novaresi is fallback appellation] |
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Name 3 differences between Gattinara and Ghemme
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Under the very high Monte Rosa in morainic soils (iron + carbonate, calcium, magnesium) in possibly the original spot for Nebbiolo (here called Spanna)
100 hectares vs. 85 hectares Split by the river Sesia 90% Spanna (w/ Bonarda & Vespolina) vs. 85% Spanna (w/ Vespolina & Bonarda) ABV 12.5% (13 R) vs. 12% Aging: 36 months (12 in oak), 48 months (18) R vs. 34 months (18 in oak), 48 months (24) R More sun + higher hills = bigger, riper, fruitier, +clay, -wind, +compact soils, broader Ghemme has a harsher terroir and allows several measures to mitigate, including adding back 15% of previous vintages. Ghemme has crus, Gattinara does not. |
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Give the specs for Gavi or Gavi del Comune di Gavi DOCG
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Pimonte (Monferrato)
Cortese 100% ABV 10.5% Months: 12 (R) Regular White, Spumante, Frizzante, Gavi del Comune di Gavi (practically a "Classico version) [close to Livorno = similar sapidity and salinity] |
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Give the specs for Roero DOCG
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Piemonte (Langhe)
If white Arneis 95% ABV 11%, 11.5% (S) Regular White, Spumante If red Nebbiolo 95% ABV 12.5% Months: 20, 32 (R) Regular Red [+mineral] |
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Give the specs for Ruché di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG
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Piemonte (Astigiano, NOT Monferrato)
Ruché min. 90% + Barbera & Brachetto max 10% ABV 11.5% Regular Red |
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Give the specs for Franciacorta (regular) DOCG
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Lombardia
Chardonnay and/or Pinot Bianco and/or Pinot Noir ABV 11.5% Months: 18 on the lees in bottle (+7), 60 (R), 30 (Millesimato, +7) Every Sweetness level |
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Give the specs for Franciacorta Saten DOCG
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Lombardia
Chardonnay - Pinot Bianco (note: no Pinot Nero, similar to Blanc de Blanc) ABV 11.5% Months: 24 on lees, 60 (R), 30 (Millesimato) |
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Give the specs for Franciacorta Rosé DOCG
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Lombardia
85% Chardonnay - Pinot Bianco, 15% Pinot Noir ABV 11.5% Months: 24 on lees, 60 (R), 30 (Millesimato) Basically a Cremant |
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Compare and Contrast Franciacorta to Champagne
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Both use Chardonnay and Pinot Noir but then Franciacorta uses Pinot Bianco as opposed to Pinto Meunier
Much longer time on lees More creamy and with an allowable + 5grams of liter per sugar for Brut Lago d'Iseo mitigates climate = ripeness All levels of sweetness |
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Give the specs for Oltrepó Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG
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Lombardia
Pinot Nero min. 70%, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Bianco max 30% ABV 11.5% Months: 15 on lees, 24 (Millesimato) [70% of production of the region] |
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Give the specs for Oltrepó Pavese Metodo Classico Pinot Nero (+ Cruasé) DOCG
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Lombardia
Pino Nero min 85%, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Bicanco max 15% ABV 11.5% Months: 15 on lees, 24 (Millesimato) [Cruasé is 100% Pinot Noir & is Rosé] |
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Give the specs for Moscato di Scanzo OR Scanzo DOCG
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Lombardia
Moscato di Scanzo 100% ABV 12% Months: 24 (no oak) RED Passito [RED Moscato, Phyloxxera resistant, may be oldest Moscato] |
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Give the specs for Sforzato di Valtellina OR Sfusat di Valtellina DOCG
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Lombardia
Nebbiolo (Chiavennasca) 90%, other grapes 10% ABV 14% Months: 24 Appassimento method [heroic cultvation - Gerle] |
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Give the specs for Valtellina Superiore DOCG
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Lombardia
Nebbiolo 90% (Chiavennasca), other grapes 10% ABV 12% Months: 24, 36 (R), Sottozone: Maroggia, Sassella, Grumello, INferno, Valgella |
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Give the specs for Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG
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Veneto
Corvina (45-95%), o Corvinone max 50%, Rondinella, Molinara etc ABV 14% Months: 24, 48 (R) Sottozona: Valpantena Regular Red, Riserva, Classico Made with the Appassimento method [along with Sfursat, only other red dry appassimento wine] |
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Give the specs for Bardolino Superiore DOCG
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Veneto
Corvina (35%-80%), Rondinella (10%-40%), Molinara max 15%, others max 20% ABV 12% Months: no aging requirements Regular Red, Classico [first wine in Veneto to get DOCG, lake Garda, Bardolino DOC is fallback, Rosso, Chiaretto (Rosé), Novello] |
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Give the specs for Colli Asolani Prosecco or Asolo Prosecco DOCG
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Veneto
Glera 85%, Bianchetta trevigiana Verdiso-Perera 15% ABV 10.5%, 11% (Spumante) Months: no aging requirements Regular White, Brut-> Demi Sec, Secco->Amabile [Charmat only!] |
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Give the specs for Conegliano Valdobbiadine Prosecco OR Conegliano Prosecco OR Valdobbiadene Prosecco + Superiore di Cartizze DOCG
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Veneto
Glera 85%, Bianchetta trevigiana Verdiso-Perera 15% ABV 10.5%, 10.5% (Spumante), 11% (Superiore/Millesimato), 11.5% (Spumante Superiore/Millesimato) Months: no aging requirements [Charmat ONLY! Cartizze is most expensive vineyards in the world, do not confuse with Prosecco DOC] |
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Give the specs for Colli di Conegliano DOCG
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Veneto
Cabernet Franc, Cab Sauv, Marzemino, Merlot 10% min each (Merlot max 40%), max 20%, Incrocio Manzoni and or Refosco Penducolo Rosso ABV 12.5% Months: 24, 36 (R) Regular Red, Riserva |
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Give the specs for Colli di Conegliano Refrontolo Rosso / Passito DOCG
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Veneto
Marzemino min 95% ABV 15% (Passito) Months: 24 (4) Passito |
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Give the specs for Colli di Conegliano Bianco DOCG
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Veneto
Manzoni Bianco min 30%, Pinot Bianco & Chardonnay min 30%, others no ABV Months: 4 Regular White |
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Give the specs for Colli di Conegliano Torchiato di Fregona DOCG
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Veneto
Glera min 30%, Verdiso min 20%, Boschera min 25%, max 15% others ABV 18% Months: 24 White Passito |
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Give the specs for Colli Euganei Fior D'Arancio DOCG
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Veneto
Moscato giallo min 95% ABV 4.5%, 11% (Passito), 6% (Spumante) Months: no aging requirements Regular White, Passito, Spumante |
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Give the specs for Lison DOCG
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Veneto
Tai (Tocai Friulano) min 85% ABV 12% Months: no aging requirements Regular White, Classico [extrapolated from Lison-Parmaggiore DOC, +structure, marl & clay] |
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Give the specs for Piave Malanotte OR Malanotte del Piave DOCG
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Veneto
Raboso Piave min 70%, Raboso Veronese max 30% ABV 12.5% Months: 36 Regular Red [Piave DOC is fallback, "Raboso" = angry] |
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Give the specs for Recioto di Gambellara Classico DOCG
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Veneto
Garganega 100% ABV 14.5%, 13.5% (Spumante) Months: 12 White Passito, Spumante |
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Give the specs for Recioto di Soave Classico DOCG
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Veneto
70% Garganega, 30% Chardonay-Trebbiano di Soave-Pinot Bianco ABV 12%, 11.5% (Spumante) Months: no aging requirement White Passito, Spumante [Botrytis] |
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Give the specs for Recioto della Valpolicella Classico Valpantena DOCG
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Veneto
Corvina (45-95% Corvina), Veronese (5-30%), other grapes (5-30%) ABV 12%, 12% (Spumante) Months: no aging requirement Red Passito, Spumante |
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Give the specs for Soave Superiore DOCG
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Veneto
Garganega (70-100%), Trebbiano max 30%, others ABV 11% Months: 12 Regular White, Riserva, Classico |
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Give the specs for Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit + Cialla Subzone DOCG
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Friuli Venezia Giulia
Picolit 85%, 100% (Cialla Subzone) ABV 15%, 16% (Cialla Subzone) Months: 48 (R only in Cialla Subzone) White Passito, Riserva Unique Spontaneous Floral Abortion = greater concentration of sugars |
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Give the specs for Rosazzo DOCG
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Friuli Venezia Giulia
Friulano min 50%, Sauvignon (20-30%), Pinot Bianco and or Chardonnay (20-30%), Ribolla Gialla max 10% ABV 11.5%, 12% Spumante Months: no aging requirements Regular White [ancient field blend 1082] |
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Give the specs for Ramandolo DOCG
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Friuli Venezia Giulia
Verduzzo 100% ABV 11% Months: no aging requirements White Passito [Wisteria aromas] |
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Give the specs for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
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Toscana
Sangiovese Grosso 100% ABV 12.5% Months: 48, 60 (R) Regular Red, Riserva [Sant'Antimo is fallback appellation, Biondi Santi first selected in 150 years ago, Monte Amiata shields from weather, +altitude = +intensity, only Bordeaux bottle] |
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Give the specs for Carmignano DOCG
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Toscana
Sangiovese min 50%, Cab Sauv and/or Cab Franc (10-20%), Canaiolo Nero (0-20%), Trebbiano Toscano and/or Malcasia del Chianti and/or Caniolo Bianco, other grapes (0-10%) ABV 12.5% Months: 12, 24 (R) Regular Red, Riserva [really the first "Super Tuscan", smallest DOCG in area, Barco Reale di Carmignano is fallback appellation, ex-Montalbano] |
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Give the specs for Chianti DOCG
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Toscana
Sangiovese (70-100%), Cab Sauv or Cab Franc max 15%, + others in varied percentages (Canaiolo, Colorino) ABV: VARIES by sub zone Months: 24 (R) Regular Red, Riserva, Superiore Subzones: Colli Aretini: +crispness, -structure Colli Fiorentini: +versatile, +pleasant, +light Colline Senesi: Montalcino influence, still can use white grapes, +structure, +alcohol Montabano: Carmignano fallback, +international style Montespertoli: ++simple Rufina: +hill hight & temp flux = ++complex & elegant, +aging Colline Pisane: sandy soils = +light, -complex, +pleasant, +lean, -aging |
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Give the specs for Chianti Classico DOCG
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Toscana
Sangiovese (80-100%), Canaiolo Nero 10%, other grapes (0-20%) ABV 11.5%, 12% (R) Months: 12, 24 (R) Regular Red, Riserva |
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What's the easiest way to think of all the Sangiovese based wines in Central Toscana?
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Breakout versions of EX-Chianti (Montalcino used to be Colli Senesi, Carmignano used to be Montalbano, etc)
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Give the specs for Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG
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Toscana
Aleatico 100% ABV 11.5% Months: no aging requirements Red Passito |
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Give the specs for Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG
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Toscana
Sangiovese min 90% ABV 13%, 13.5% (R) Months: 24, 36 (R) Regular Red, Riserva |
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Give the specs for Morellino di Scansano DOCG
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Toscana
Sangiovese 85% (Morellino) others 15% ABV 12.5%, 13% (R) Months: 12, 24 (R) Regular Red, Riserva [name comes from local dark horses, unique proximity to sea, Prima Selezione: 4-12 months in oak] |
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Give the specs for Vernaccia di Sangimignano DOCG
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Toscana
Vernaccia di San Gimignano(85-100%), max 15% others ABV 11%, 11.5 % (R) Months: 11 (R) Regular White [ancient grape, first DOC of Italy] |
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Give the specs for Suverto DOCG
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Toscana
Cab Sauv, Merlot, Sangiovese ABV 12.5% Months: 12, 24 (R) Regular Red, Riserva |
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Give the specs for Rosso Val di Cornia DOCG
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Toscana
Sangiovese 40%, Cab Sauv-Merlot 60% ABV 12.5% Months: 18, 24 (R) Regular Red, Riserva |
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Give the specs for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG
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Toscana
Sangiovese Rosso (Prugnolo) min 70%, Canaiolo max 20%, max 20% others ABV 12.5%, 13% (R) Months: 24, 36 (R) Regular Red, Riserva [one of first red DOCG] |
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Give the specs for Albana di Romagna DOCG
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Emilia Romagna
Albana di Romanga min 95% ABV 11.5% (Secco), 12% (Amabile->Dolce), 15.5% (Passito) Months: 12, 36 (Passito Riserva) Regular White, Secco->Dolce, Passito Riserva [Italy's first White DOCG] |
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Give the specs for Colli Bolognesi Classico
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Emilia Romagna
Pignoletto min 95% ABV 12% Months: no aging requirements Regular White, Frizzante, Spumante [on one of few hills in Emilia, un-grafted due to sandy soil] |
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Give the specs for Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva DOCG
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Marche
Verdicchio 85%, other grapes 15% ABV 12.5% Months: 18 (R) White Riserva, Classico |
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Give the specs for Conero Riserva DOCG
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Marche
Montepulciano 85%, Sangiovese 15% ABV 12.5% Months: 24 (R) Red Riserva [behind Conero promontory, mineral rich chalk & clay, med influence, Rosso Conero is fallback] |
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Give the specs for Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCG
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Marche
Verdicchio 85%, other grapes 15% ABV 12.5% (R), 15% (Passito) Months: 18 White Riserva, Passito |
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Give the specs for Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG
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Marche
Vernaccia Nera 85%, other grapes 15% ABV 11.5% (Spumante) Months: 8 Spumante, Dry, Dolce [ONLY wine to undergo TRIPLE fermentation: 60% vinified at harvest, 40% is appassimento, assembled then secondary fermentation) |
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Give the specs for Offida Rosso DOCG
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Marche
Montepulciano min 85% ABV 13% Months: 24 (12 in oak) Regular Red |
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Give the specs for Offida Pecorino
|
Marche
Pecorino min 85% ABV 11.5% Months: no aging requirements Regular White |
|
Give the specs for Offida Passerina DOCG
|
Marche
Passerina min 85% ABV 11.5% Months: no aging requirements Regular White |
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Give the specs for Monefalco Sagrantino DOCG
|
Umbria
Sagrantino 100% ABV 13%, 14.5% (Passito) Months: 33 (for both styles) Regular Red, Passito [the "Montalcino of Umbria, Sagrantino = +++tannic, Passito original version to be used in church, Passito is one of the few sweet reds of Italy] |
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Give the specs for Torgiano Riserva DOCG
|
Umbria
Sangiovese 70%, other grapes 30% (Canaiolo, etc) ABV 12.5% Months: 36 (R) Regular Red [commune of Torgiano only, high hill which has unique microclimate which causes rain ONLY in late fall and winter instead of spring, one of the oldest appellations of Italy] |
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Give the specs for Cesanese del Piglio
|
Lazio
Cesanese del Affile 90%, other grapes 10% ABV 12%, 13% (S), 14% (S/R) Months: 4, 20 (R), 12 (S) Regular Red, Superiore, Riserva |
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Give the specs for Frascati Superiore DOCG
|
Lazio
Malvasia Bianca di Candida and/or Malvasia del Lazio (Malvasia Puntinata) min 70%, Bellone and/or Bombino Bianco, Greco Bianco, Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano Giallo max 30% ABV 12%, 13% (R) Months: 12 (R) Regular White, Riserva |
|
Give the specs for Cennellino di Frascati DOCG
|
Lazio
Malvasia Bianca di Candida and/or Malvasia del Lazio (Malvasia Puntinata) min 70%, Bellone and/or Bombino Bianco, Greco Bianco, Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano Giallo max 30% ABV 12.5% Months: no aging requirements Passito |
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Give the specs for Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Colline Teramane DOCG
|
Abruzzo
Montepulciano 90%, Sangiovese 10% ABV 12.5% Months: 24, 36 (R) Regular Red, Riserva [best Montepulciano - elevation, maritime climate] |
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Give the specs for Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG
|
Basilicata
Aglianico 100% ABV 13.5% Months: 24, 48 (R) Regular Red, Riserva |
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Give the specs for Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale DOCG
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Puglia
Primitivo 100% ABV 16% Months: 6 Sweet Red |
|
Give the specs for Castel del Monte Riserva DOCG
|
Puglia
Nero di Troaia min. 65% ABV 13% Months: 24 (R) Riserva Red |
|
Give the specs for Castel del Monte Bombino Nero DOCG
|
Puglia
Bombino Nero min 90% ABV 12% Months: no aging requirements Regular Red |
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Give the specs for Castel del Monte Nero di Troia Riserva DOCG
|
Puglia
Nero di Troia 90% ABV 13% Months: 24 (R) Riserva Red |
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Give the specs for Fiano di Avellino DOCG
|
Campania
Fiano di Avellino 85%, Greco, Coda di Volpe Bianco, Trebbiano Toscano ABV 11.5% Months: no aging requirements Regular White |
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Give the specs for Greco di Tufo DOCG
|
Campania
Grego di Tufo 85%, Coda di Volpe Bianco 15% ABV 11.5%, 12% (Spumante) Months: 36 (Spumante) Regular White, Spumante |
|
Give the specs for Taurasi DOCG
|
Campania
Aglianico 85%, other grapes 15% ABV 13.5% Months: 36, 48 (R) Regular Red, Riserva |
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Give the specs for Aglianico del Taburno DOCG
|
Campania
Aglianico min 85% ABV 12% Months: 24, 36 (R) Rosé, Red, Riserva |
|
Give the specs for Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG
|
Sicily
Nero d'Asola (50-75%), Frappato (30-50%) ABV 13% Months: 6, 17 (Classico) Regular Red, Classico |
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Give the specs for Vermentino di Gallura DOCG
|
Sardegna
Vermentino 95%, other grapes 5% ABV 11%, 12% (S) Months: no aging requirements Regular White, Superiore, Frizzante, Spumante, Passito, Vendemmia Tardiva |
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Name the regions that do not currently have any DOCG's
|
Val d'Aosta
Trentino Alto Adige Liguria Molise Calabria |
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Which region has the highest production of DOC wines?
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Veneto
|
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Italy is not complicated, it is complex.
|
YES.
|
|
Generalize the two soil types between northern and southern Italy
|
Hard to generalize as Italy as is one of the most complex soil type composites in the world.
North: Very old Volcanic with mountain soils rich in minerality (granite, clay, etc) and with some morainic soils where glaciers drew back in most northern areas (look for finger lakes) Central towards South: Volcanic from vented pressures (Tufa, trachyte, etc) |
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Divide Italy into 4 Major regions and list the different Regions (States) in each area (this will not be exact as some Regions so influence of 2 broad regions)
|
North: Valle d'Aosta, Piemonte, Liguria, Veneto, Lombardia, Trentino Alto Adige, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Emilia Romagna
Central: Toscana, Lazio, Umbria, Marche, Abruzzo, Molise South: Campania, Calabria, Basilicata, Puglia Islands: Sardegna, Sicilia |
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1)How many DOC are there?
2)How many IGT? 3)How many VdT? |
334
119 Almost limitless |
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Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Lombardia
|
Colder, Mountain soils, minearlly, earthy.
Only 12% of region is hilly & suitable for fine wine. Lakes mitigate climate. Few autoctonous grapes. 70% red Morainic soils dominate |
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What is the sparkling wine capital of Italy
|
Lombardia (Franciacorta, Oltrepo' Pavese)
|
|
What are the main DOCG's of Lombardia
|
Franciacorta DOCG
Valtellina Superiore DOCG Sforzato della Valtellina DOCG (Sfurzat) Oltrepo' Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG Moscato to Scanzo DOCG |
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What are the main white grapes in Lombardia?
Red grapes? |
Chardonnay, Trebbiano, Pinot Bianco, Riesling Italico, Malvasia di Candia
Chiavanesca, Barbera (Croatina), Bonarda, Pinot Nero, Moscato di Scanzo (possibly the first Moscato in the world) |
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What are the major differences between Franciacorta Oltrepo' Pavese?
|
More use of Chardonnay as opposed to Pinot Noir and Pinot Grigio
More minearlly and crisp, less fruity, more complex, morainic soils Much more time on the lees Smaller production [Oltreó Pavese accounts for 70% of production for region] |
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What are the major differences between Franciacorta and Champagne?
|
Much less $
Longer time on the lee's for the base level (18-24 months for regular compared to just 15 for Champagne) Chardonnay and Pinot Nero but Pinot Bianco instead of Pinot Meunier |
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What is the typical dessert wine of Lombardia?
Typical white wine? |
Moscato di Scanzo DOCG
Lugana DOC (Trebbiano di Lugana 90%, Morainic soils = fresh water fish pair, shared with Veneto, Superiore, Riserva, Spumante, Vendemmia Tardiva) |
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Briefly describe the 5 sub zones of Valtellina Superiore DOCG
|
Maroggia: Fruitiest
Sassella: Elegance & Complexity Grumello: Smoothest Inferno: Robust, Alcohol, Austere Valgella (Simplest, most Crisp) |
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Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Liguria
|
65% mountains - 35% hills
Soil: schist, limestone, quartz, gravel = rocky minerality +Sun = alcohol/ripeness Strong sea influence = salinity/sapidity Cool winds from mountains & sea = acidity West = red soils (Iron) = bolder Center = simple East = coolest, ++sea spray |
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What are the main white grapes of Liguria?
Red grapes? |
Mostly white wines: Pigato (West side), Vermentino, Bianchetta+Bosco+Albarola = blending grapes of EAST (5 Terre), Lumassina
Rossese (low tannin), Ormeasco (Dolcetto), Ciliegiolo |
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What famous dessert wine is made in the Cinque Terre? Describe.
|
Cinque Terre Sciacchetrá DOC
White passito from local white grapes (Bosco, Albarola, Vermentino), only 10% ABV. |
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Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Valle d'Aosta
|
French Influence & some labeling
Surprisingly good sun due to mountain blocking (rain shadow effect) but very cold in winter (Monte Bianco!) Indigenous varieties, 25 bC Roman planints Fruit Forward, +alcohol, -tannin, pleasant, mineral, soft Smallest region, morainic soils |
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What is the one DOC of Valle d'Aosta? Describe and list some examples.
|
Valle D'Aosta DOC in the Dora Baltea Valley.
25 styles of wine - both Varietal and Subzones Whites (DOC): Blanc de Morgex et de La Salle Spumante (and still), Chambave Muscat, Nus Malvoisie (Pinot Grigio), Rosé (DOC): Valle d'Aosta Prëmetta, Valle d'Aosta Rosato Reds (DOC): Arnad-Motjovet, Chambace Rouge, Donnas (Nebbiolo), Enfer d'Arvier, Nus Rouge, Torrette (Petite Rouge) Sweet Wines (DOC): Chambave Muscat Flétri, Nus Muscat Flétri |
|
What are the main white grapes in Aosta?
Red? |
Prié Blanc, Petite Arvine, Moscato Bicano, Malvoisie (Pinot Grigio), Muller Thurgau
85% of all production are red: Petit Rouge, Cornalin, Fumin (a grape to watch), Mayolet, Vuillermin, Picotendro (Nebbiolo) |
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Very briefly talk about the sub zones of Valle d'Aosta
|
Blanc de Morgex et de la Salle: highest vineyards in of Europe, white and sparkling, Prié Blanc (ungrafted)
Enfer d'Arvier: mostly reds, mostly Petit Rouge Torrette: drier wines, mostly Petit Rouge Nus: Vien de Nus and Petit Rouge, also passito from Pinot Gris clone (Malvoisie) Chambave: mostly Petit Rouge for Red, Moscato Bianco for whites Arnad-Montjove: mostly Nebbiolo Donnaz: mostly Nebbiolo, makes lighter & more elegant style |
|
Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Friuli Venezia Giulia
|
65% lowlands, 35% hills
60% white wines (great) Humid sub-Mediterranean with extreme Seasonal and diurnal temp shift with big winds (-> Casarsa trellising to protect flowers) Name from Forum Juli (Caesar) - no vineyards predating Romans (but in 1787 1st registration of specific vineyards) [Ronco = terraced hillsides] |
|
Which region is most tied to Orange Wines? Why?
What are Orange Wines? |
Friuli Venezia Giulia, a white region with ties to Slavonia absorbed by a red wine country.
White wines that have extended skin contact raising tannins and complexity. Aged naturally with no sulfites in clay amphora or barrels. To be enjoyed as if it were a red wine. [Ancient Roman technique] |
|
What are the main white grapes of Friuli Venezia Giulia?
Red grapes? |
FRIULANO (Tocai), Verduzzo Friulano, Ribolla Gialla, Picolit, Vitrovska, Malvasia Istriana, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Chardonnay, Traminer
PIGNOLO, Refosco del Peduncolo Rosso, Refosco Terrano (red soils), Schioppettino, Tazzelenghe, Merlot, Cab Sauv & Franc, Pinot Noir |
|
Name the main zones for Friuli Venezia Giuglia
|
Collio & Colli Orientali [best whites, strongest Slovenian ties, sapidity & minerality, Orange Wines]
Ramandolo Rosazzo [named after an abby that made a Rose liquor] Friuli Isonzo & Carso [difficult, intense, red soil = bloody, metallic] Grave [pebbly, highest production] |
|
What are the 4 major sub-regions of Piemonte?
|
Langhe (Barbaresco, Barolo, Alba, Cuneo)
Alto Piemonte (Vercelli/Novara, Gattinara, Ghemme, Boca, Sizzano) Monferrato Astigiano (Asti) |
|
Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Piemonte
|
Omnipresent vines with 93% planted on hills (illegal for DOC or DOCG to be in flatland)
70% red No IGT Burgundy of Italy Isolated in many ways over history (geographically, socio-politically, etc) |
|
What are the main white grapes of Piemonte?
Red grapes? |
Arneis, Cortese, Moscato Bianco, Erbaluce, Timorasso, Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco
NEBBIOLO, Barbera, Dolcetto, Brachetto, Bonarda, Vespolina, Pelaverga, Freisa, Grignolino, Ruché |
|
Give some details about Barbera
|
Originated in hills of Monferrato (13th C)
2nd most planted red varietal in Italy (after Sangiovese) EXTREMELY VERSATILE (adds freshness + fruit) High yields |
|
What is Prunent?
|
The oldest biotype known of Nebbiolo, only found in Val d'Ossola in Northern Piemonte
|
|
Give some details about Alto Piemonte. What are the most famous wines?
|
Earthier, +Acid, +thiner bodied, +harshness, +mineral
+Overcast, Morainic Ghemme DOCG & Gattinara DOCG (Spanna/Nebbiolo & Vespaiolo [sugar] & Bonarda/Uva Rara [color]) Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG (white wine of area) Boca DOC (similar blend of other reds but unique porphyritic rock = +++acidity) |
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Give some details about the Langhe. What are the most famous wines?
|
Warmer, +tannin, -mineral, +fruit, +docile terrain, +cru mentality
"Lingue" = tongues of land DOCG: Barolo, Barbaresco, Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba, Dolcetto di Dogliani, Roero, Alta Langa DOC: Langhe, Alba, Verduno Pelaverga |
|
What is Cannubi and why is it important?
|
Cru in Barolo that is only one that benefits from both Tortonian and Helvetian Soil
Oldest Barolo bottle is Cannubi Battle raging about delimitation during ranking of Cru's |
|
Explain some differences between the 3 Dolcetto DOCGs of Piemonte
|
Dolcetto di Dogliani Superiore DOCG: +bold
Dolcetto di Diano DOCG: +light Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG: +balance Dogliani was the first to get DOCG |
|
What are the most famous wine of the Astigiano area?
|
DOCG: Moscato d'Asti / Asti, Brachetto d'Acqui, Barbera d'Asti
DOC: (varietal) Asti |
|
What are the most famous wines of the Monferrato area?
|
DOCG: Gavi, Barbera del Monferrato Superiore
DOC: Colli Tortonesi (Timorasso), Monferrato (blend) Volume area of Piemonte |
|
Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Emilia Romagna
|
Largest Plains of Italy, flat, sandy = not best suited for fine wines (Romagna portion is exception)
2 main zones: Emilia (North influences, Lambrusco) and Romagna (Central influences, hills) climate starting towards moderate |
|
What are the white grapes of Emilia?
Red grapes? DOC's? |
PIGNOLETO, Pinot Bicano, Bombino Bianco, Montu, MALVASIA BIANCA, Sauvigon Blanc, Chardonnay
LAMBRUSCO (only DOC made from NON Vitis Vinifera), CROATINA (Bonarda), BARBERA, Cab Sauv, Syrah, Merlot |
|
Give more details about Lambrusco
|
Vitis Sylvestris, NOT Vitis Vinifera = does well in poor, sandy soils, like "labrughum" (drainage ditches)
Only DOC from non Vitis Vinifera Biotypes: Grasparossa, Maesri, Marami, Montericcol, Salamino, Sorbara DOC's: Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce (++intense) Lambrusco di Sorbara (++lightest) Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro (++boldest) Modena (+common) Reggiano (++colored, ++fruity with Maetri clone) |
|
Give more detail about Malvasia di Candia Aromatica
|
White grape with +aromatics (Aromatic herbs, mint, etc)
Found in many local DOC's and IGT's of Emilia (Colli di Parma, Colli Piacentini, etc) |
|
What are the white grapes of Romagna?
Red grapes? DOC's? |
Albana, TREBBIANO, REBOLA (Pignoleto), Pinot Bianco, PAGADEBIT (Bombino), MALVASIA BIANCA, Chardonnay
Sangiovese (birthplace), ANCELLOTTA, CENTSIMINO, FORTANA, Refosco Terrano (Cagnina), Montepulciano |
|
Give more detail about Trebbiano di Romagna DOC
|
Etruscans used to enhance with resin
Most widely planted varietal in Romagna and Italy Trebbiano = Ugni Blanc = most planted grape in world Min 85% Trebbiano Romagnolo |
|
Give more detail about Sangiovese di Romagna DOC
|
Originated in Monte Giove in Sanarcangelo di Romagna, in Rimini.
85% min. Sangiovese Romagnolo +Balance, +ripe, +soft, +alcohol than Tuscan counterparts but does not age well Superiore: best hills, south of Via Emilia, can appassire grapes Riserva: low yields, south of Via Emilia, longer maceration, can appassire grapes, 2+ year aging |
|
Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Toscana
|
Mediterranean climate, 68% hilly, 3rd largest producer of DOC/DOCG wines, 3rd most planted region, 80% red wines
Old Tuscany vs. New Tuscany 39 DOCG, 11 DOC, 6 IGT |
|
What are the main areas of Toscana?
|
Chianti (7 subzones)
Chianti Classico Vernaccia di San Gimignano Montalcino (Brunello di Montalcino DOCG, Rosso di Montalcino DOC, Sant'Antimo DOC) Montepulciano (Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG, Rosso di Montepulciano DOC) Bolgheri & Maremma (Super Tuscans, Vermentino) Morellino di Scansano (unique Sangiovese) |
|
What are the main white grapes of Toscana?
Red Grapes? |
VERNACCIA, Trebbiano Toscano, VERMENTINO, Ansolia, Malvasia Bianca, Canaiolo Bianco, Moscadello
SANGIOVESE (as well as Canaiolo Nero, Colorino), Ciliegiolo, Malvasia Nera, ALICANTE, Aleatico |
|
Give some more detail about Saniovese
|
Ancient grape known to Etruscans, many biotypes
Most planted red grape in Italy "Sanguis Jovis", late ripener Vigorous, so yields must be artificially kept low Large Violet, iris, strawberry, black cherry, plum, clove, thyme Does best in limestone +acid, +glycerol, +complex supple tannins |
|
Give quite a bit of detail about Chianti and Chianti Classico
|
"Chianti" in use since 13th C., probably from "Clante", an Etruscan family name
Bettino Ricasoli (Prime Minister) developed original Chianti recipe (Sangiovese, Canaiolo, Trebbiano bianco, Malvasia bianca) 1990 saw split of Chianti Classico and Chianti Chianti DOC: Rufina, Colli Fiorentini, Colli Aretini, Colli Senesi, Colline Pisane, Montalbano, Montespertoli Good drainage in vineyards, Glaestro (+structure, +complexity) & Albarese (+elegance, +crispness) Chianti Classico DOCG: historical center of Chianti (Castellina, Greve, Radda, Panano, Gaiole), best Terroir. Regular: released next year Riserva: +Sangiovese, +fruit quality, +complex, 24 months Gran Selezione: 30+ months, single vineyard and/or selection of best grapes |
|
Give some detail about Rosso di Montalcino DOC
|
Fallback apellation to Brunello
100% Sangiovese grosso +yield than Brunello Ready to sell next year ABV 12% lower than Brunello |
|
Give some detail about Sant'Antimo DOC
|
Large & lenient apellation
"Playground" of Montalcino wineries Can have varietal indication of Cab Sauv, Merlot, Pinot Nero; Chardonnay, Sauv Blanc, Pinot Grigio |
|
Give some detail about Montepulciano growing area (NOT GRAPE(
|
Known since 16th C.
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano (+Riserva) DOCG Rosso di Montepulciano DOC |
|
Give some detail about Vin Santo
|
Dessert wine, Passito
Chianti / Chianti Classico / Montepulciano Aged oxidatively in special Caratelli for many years "Santo" = pressed during Easter Vin Santo (mostly Trebbiano) Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice (mostly Sangiovese) |
|
Give some detail about Bolgheri DOC
|
Mario Incisa della Rocchetta planted first Cabernet in 1944
Sassicaia 1968 - first example of Italian cru concept - first and only example of a winery exclusive DOC Mediterranean expression of Bordeaux Maremma with very complex soils (Alluvial -> peoples -> sassi, sea/fossils, volcanic) |
|
What are Super Tuscans?
|
Term invented by foreign press (Robert Parker) to describe new styles of non appellate wines, mostly in Maremma.
Tignanello in 1971 first named "Super Tuscan" 1992 IGT was introduced mostly to solve issue |
|
Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Umbria
|
Only landlocked region completely within Italy
Light, simple whites & heavy, bold reds Moderate climate, -mineral soil, +clay, +sun 57% white and in Southern part |
|
What are the main white grapes of Umbria?
Red Grapes? |
GRECHETTO, Trebbiano Toscano (Procanico), Malvasia Bianco
Sangiovese, SAGRANTINO, others |
|
What are the major areas of Umbria?
|
DOCG: Montefalco Sagrantino, Torgiano Rosso Riserva
DOC: Colli Martani, Montefalco Rosso, Orvieto (largest DOC in Italy) IGT: Umbria |
|
Give some detail about Montefalco DOC
|
RED
60-70% Sangiovese, 10-15% Sagrantino, +others (Merlot popular) Kind of like the fallback appellation for Montefalco Sagrantino EXCEPT that it is mostly Sangiovese Compared to DOCG: +value, -tannin, +balance, -alcohol |
|
Give more detail about Orvieto DOC
|
Largest DOC of Italy
Accounts for 80% of regional production Tufa Trebbiano/Grechetto 60%, Malcasia, Canaiolo Bianco, etc Classico, Superiore, Classico Superiore Secco -> Dolce Rosso Orvietano DOC is red wine based on Aleatico Only part of Umbria with +minearlity |
|
Give some detail about Colli Martani DOC
|
Montefalco's "playground apellation"
Grechetto, International varieties Malvasia 10% max |
|
Characterize some of the relevant ancient and modern history to why the Veneto is such an important wine region
|
1000 BC first signs of vilification
Serenessima: Venetian Expansion now the wealthiest, most developed, industrialized region of Italy First Oenological school of Italy 1876 (Conegliano) VinItaly |
|
Which region produces the most wine in Italy?
|
Veneto (8,500,000 hl)
Then Puglia then Sicily |
|
Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Veneto
|
Largest volume of wine
Good balance of white and red Merlot most planted (30%) long tradition of drying grapes +rivers & Canals = irrigation Mild climate / subcontinental mitigated by lakes and Adriatic Sea, protected by Alps mostly flatlands with good amount of hills |
|
What are the main white grapes of the Veneto?
Red grapes? |
GARGANEGA, GLERA (Prosecco), Trebbiano di Soave, Tai (Tocai), Vespaiola (Torcolato), Manzoni Bianco, Verdisio, Durella, Bianca Fernanda (Cortese), Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco
CORVINA VERONESE, Corvinone, Rondinella, Molinara, Rossignola, Negrara Veronese, Oseleta, Raboso (Piave e Veronese), Merlot, Cab Sav, Carmenere, Tai Rosso (Garnacha), Wildbacker |
|
Where does the word "Recioto" come from?
|
"Recia" or ear of the grape cluster - it refers to the top part that gets the most sun (+sugars) well adapted for sweet wines.
Used in the Veneto (Recioto di Soave Classico, Recioto di Gambellara, Recioto di Valpolicella Classico Valpantena) |
|
Give some more detail on the Garganega grape
|
+Structure, balanced acidity, bitter finish, lemongrass aroma, good for appassimento
Several DOC's: Soave Superiore Recioto di Soave Soave Recioto di Gambellara Bianco di Custoza Gambellara |
|
What does each grape contribute to Amarone?
|
Corvina: color, aroma, acidity, structure
Rondinella: spices, body, structure Molinara: acidity, bitterness Corvinone: structure, color |
|
Describe the "appassimento" method
|
Slow drying of grapes in well ventilated areas prior to pressing
Sugar Concentration Concentration of other substances (water elimination) +Aroma, color, phenolic substances in must +Complexity +Tannins & smoothness of tannins If Botrytis: +glycerine, -malic & tartaric acid, +aromatic complexity |
|
Give more detail on Valpolicella DOCs
|
Valpolicella Rosso: regular wine NOT made with appassimento method
Valpolicella Ripasso: Valpolicella is poured over leftover grape skins and seeds from fermentation of Recioto and Amarone with extended maceration = +alcohol, +body, +complexity, +tannins, +glycerol, +phenolic compounds. Baby Amarone |
|
Give the specs for Bagnoli Friularo DOCG
|
Veneto
Raboso Piave min 90% ("Friularo" = cold as in late harvest) 50% can be Passito or Vendemmia Tardiva Classico, Riserva, Vendemmia Tardiva, Passito |
|
Give the specs for Montello e Colli Asolani Rosso DOCG
|
Veneto
Merlot (40-60%), Cab Franc (20-30%), Cab Sav (10-20%) ABV 11% |
|
Name some of the most important DOC's from Veneto
|
Bianco di Custoza:
Trebbiano (10-45%), Garganega (20-40%), Trebbianello (5-30%), Bianca Fernanda (Cortese clone) max 30%, others Superiore, Passito, Spumante Breganze DOC / Torcolato mostly Vespaiola grape appassito Lessini Durello DOC Durella 85% Spumante (Charmat), Spumante Riserva (Methode Champenoise) Prosecco Shared with Friuli |
|
Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Trentino Alto Adige
|
2 separate area: Trentino in South & Alto Adige (Sud Tirol) in North
60% Italian, 35% German, 5% Ladino Mainly moutons |
|
Give some detail about Trentino
|
2/3 production is DOC
No DOCG Coop driven Mostly mono-varietal ++temp shifts ++sun several microclimates |
|
Name the 4 different wine growing areas of Trentino
|
Vallagarina: milder climate, Marzemino
Valle dell' Adige: plateau of sedimentary, (Campo Rotaliano) Teroldego Valle di Cembra: +altitude, Chard/Pinot Nero (Sparkling wines/Trento DOC), Muller Thurgau Valle del Sarca: river/lake influence, Nosiola (Vin Santo) |
|
What are the main white grapes of the Trentino?
Red grapes? |
Nosiola, Chard, Moscato Giallo and Rosa, Riesling, Muller Thurgau, Gewurtz., Pinot Bianco
Marzemino, Schiava, Teroldego, Lagrein, Enantino (Lambrusco) |
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Give some detail about the Marzemino gentile grape
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Dark color
Plummy, herbaceous, violets, sour cherry, -tannin Related to Refosco and Teroldego Trentino & Trentino Superiore DOC |
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Give some brief detail about Nosiola grape
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"Nocciola"
Slightly bitter, apricot, quince, Trentino DOC, Vin Santo |
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Give some detail about Teroldego Rotaliano
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Prince of Trentino (related to Marzemino, Refosco, Lagreain, Dureza, Syrah)
Plain "Campo Rotaliano", stones, gravel Intense red fruits, jam, licorice, almonds, +acid, medium tannins, medium+ body |
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Name some of the most important DOC's from Trentino
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Teroledego Rotaliano (100% Teroldego)
Trentino & Trentino Superiore (Vin Santo) Trento (Sparkling) Lago di Caldaro (Kalteresee or Kalterer-Schiava) Valdadige Casteller (Merlot 50% + others) |
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Give some more detail about Trento DOC
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ONLY Metodo Classico
Chard, Pinot Bianco, Pinot Nero, Pinot Meunier NV: 15 months on lees Millesime: 24 Riserva: 36 Rosé Competes with Franciacorta ++production |
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Give some more detail about Trentino Vino Santo DOC, Trentino Superiore Vino Santo DOC
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85% Nosiola min.
Late harvest, Botrytis (80% weight lost), located near Sarca river Pressed during Easter 5/6 months appassimento only 6 producers |
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Give some detail about Alto Adige (Sudtirol)
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only 15% of area cultivated
95% of production is DOC, 70% Red Sand, gravel, limestone, granite, porphyric ++temp shift = ++aromatic Can use German OR Italian on label Monovarietal = 85% min (typically 100%) |
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What are the main white grapes of the Alto Adige?
Red grapes? |
Traminer Aromatico, Kerner (Ries. + Schiava), Riesling, Pinot Bianco, Sylvaner, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Pinot Grigio, Chard
Schiava, Lagrein, Pinot Nero, Cab Sav, Merlot |
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Name the 4 aromatic grapes of the world
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Moscato, Gewurtraminer, Malvasia, Brachetto
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Give some more detail on Schiava grape
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Grossa (++common/important)
Gentile (-yield) Grigia (+difficult, ++quality) Tschaggele (+quality, -even) Cherries, berries, -tannin Alto Adige DOC with sub zones of Colli di Bolzano Meraner Santa Maddalena |
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Give more detail on Lagrein grape
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Only 6% of Alto Adige production
Deep ruby, blackberries, plums, violet Velvety tannins Alto Adige DOC Lagrein Rosato (Kretzer) Lagrein Scuro (Dunkel) |
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Give more detail on Gewurtraminer grape
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Aromatic grape
Originated in Termeno (Tramin) Intense flowery, lychee, passion fruit, spices Alto Adige DOC Subzones: Valle Isarco Valle Venosta |
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Name some Alto Adige (A.A.) DOC subzones
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Colli di Bolzano (85% Schiava min)
Meranese (85% Schiava min) Santa Maddalena (85% Schiava min) Terlano (white grape on label 85% min) Valle Isarco (white grape on label 85% min, only 1 red: Klausner Laitacher - Schiava, Portoghese, Lagrein, Pinot Nero) Valle Venosta (white grape on label 85% min, only red grapes: Pinot Nero and Schiava 85% min) |
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Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Marche
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Central Italy, Mediterranean Climate (Adriatic influence),
HILLS (95%) Calcerous Clay, sand, limestone 5 DOCG, 15 DOC, 50% White |
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What are the main white grapes of the Marche?
Red grapes? |
Verdicchio (60%) (Trebbiano di Soave), Pecorino, Passerina (mainly in blends), Bianchello (DOC Biancehllo del Metauro DOC), Bombino Bianco, Maceratino, Malvasia Toscana, Moscatello, Albanella (Trebbiano)
Montepulciano, Sangiovese, Vernaccia di Serrapetrona (Vernaccia Nera = Grenache), Lacrima di Morro, Balsamino, Canaiolo, Aleatico |
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Give some more detail about Verdicchio
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Leading white varietal of Marche (clone of Trebbiano di Soave)
Fresh, Fragrant, harmonious +balance, +structure, +complexity with age 2 DOCG Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva |
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Give some more detail about Pecorino
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Fresh, crisp, delicate, hint of bitterness
Early ripening In Marche, Abruzzo, Lazio Means "little sheep" Offida DOCG |
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Give some more detail about Montepulciano grape
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+planted in Central Italy
Intense color, med acidity, mild tannin, +extraction Lage ripening, high yield DOCG Conero (85% min) DOC Rosso Conero Rosso Piceno do NOT confuse with Vino Nobile di Montepulciano |
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Give some more detail on Vernaccia Nera
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"Vernacular" (native)
Ruby color, bitter aftertaste Often sparkling and sweet DOCG Vernaccia di Serrapetrona |
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Give some more detail on Lacrima
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Intense ruby red
Red flowers, raspberries, rose petals -ageability DOC Lacrima di Morro di Alba |
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Give some more detail on the different areas in the Marche
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Colli Pesaresi: lighter
Castelli di Jesi e Conero DOCG's: heavier, clay soil = structure Verdicchio di Marelica, Vernaccia di Serrapetrona: clay & sea fossils, san, inland Offida: Rosso Piceno, playground |
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How is Verdicchio Matelica different from Jesi?
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Marine sediment vs. clay & chalk
Nested in a valley more inland, closer to mountains vs. close to sea & maritime influence +mineral, +acid vs. +intense, +bold |
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Give some detail on Rosso Piceno DOC
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Marche
Montepulciano (35-85)%, Sangiovese (15-50%), max 15% other grapes If grape is stated on label min 85% Superiore = +1% alcohol + 12 mo aging |
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Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Abruzzo
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65% mountains, 35% hills, continental climate, many rivers
West: mountains, limestone East: coast, clay, sand, volcanic ash BIG production 40% of production is DOCG/DOC 1 DOCG, 8 DOC |
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What is the Tendone Abruzzese for?
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Type of vine trellising well suited for high yield grapes
Production of 88% of region |
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What are the main white grapes of the Marche?
Red grapes? |
Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano d'Abruzzo, Bombino Bianco, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Pecorino, Cococciola, Montonico
Montepulciano, Sangiovese, Merlot, Cab Sauv, Pinot Nero |
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Give some more detail on Abruzzo DOC
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Bianco: Trebbiano min 50%
Passito bianco: aromatic grapes min 60% Varietals on list: cococciola, malvasia, montonico, passerina, pecorino (also superiore) Spumante Bianco Spumante Rose: montepulciano, pinot nero Rosso: Montepulciano min 80% Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo DOC Controguerra DOC |
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Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Lazio
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lots of DOCs (27) and DOCGs (3) but few exported
55% Hill with 70% of vineyards planted there 70% white grapes (almost all blend of Trebbiano and Malvasia and their clones) Volcanic soil (tufo) = fertile, porous, drained |
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Give some detail about the Viterbo Province
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Lazio
Limestone, Vulcanic sediment DOC: Est! Est! Est!, Coli Etrucshi Viterbesi, Aleatico di Gradoli Grapes: Trebbiano, Malvasia, Greco, Sangiovese, Canaiolo, Montepulciano, Aleatico |
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Give some detail about the Castelli Romani (Roma) Province
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Vulcanic soil rich in Potassium and Phosphorous
Lakes mitigate climate DOCG: Cannellino di Frascati Frascati Superiore DOC: Castelli Romani, Frascati, Colli Albani Grapes: Trebbiano, Malvasia, Sangiovese, Nero Buono, Montepulciano |
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Give some detail about the Cesanese (inland) Province
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Limestone, Clay, +altitude
DOCG: Cesanese del Piglio DOC: Ceasnese del Affile, Cesanese di Olevano Romano Grape: Cesanese |
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What are the main white grapes of Lazio?
Red grapes? |
70% White: Trebbiano Giallo (Rossetto), Trebbiano del Lazio, Trebbiano Toscano (Procanico), Malvasia del Lazio (Puninata), Malvasia bianca di Candia, Greco Bianco, Bellone, Cacchione, Bombino Bianco
Cesanese, Ciliegiolo, Montepulciano, Merlot, Cab Sauv, Syrah, Nero Buono, Aleatico |
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Give some more detail about Trebbiano
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Many clones present (Giallo, Toscano, del Lazio)
Light, crispy wines DOC Frascati, Catelli Romani, Est! Est! Est! |
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Give some more detail about Frascati
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min 70% Malvasia Bianca del Candia / del Lazio, max 30% Trebbiano Toscano/Giallo, 15% other
light, crisp, zesty Frascati Superiore DOCG Cannellino di Frascati DOCG Frascati DOC (can be spumante) |
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Give some more detail about Castelli Romani DOC
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Lazio
White: MALVASIA, Trebbiano (Bianco, Secco, Amabile, Frizzante) Red: Sangiovese, Montepulciano, Cesanese, Nero Buono (Rosso, Secco, Amabile, Frizzante) |
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Give some more detail about the sweet wines of Lazio
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Aleatico di Gradoli DOC
95% Aleatico Red (like port) Liquoroso (6 mo aging) Riserva (24 mo aging) Passito Moscato di Terracina DOC 85% min Moscato di Terracina (Secco, Amabile, Passito, Spumante) |