Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most common specimen submitted for Fungal culture: |
Respiratory tract secretions |
|
Enumerate the specific types of specimens for diagnostic mycology: |
- Sputum - Induced sputum - Bronchial washings - Alveolar lavage - Tracheal aspirate |
|
What is the minimum volume of respiratory tract secretion specimens that should be used to inoculate the culture medium? |
At least 0.5mL |
|
Why should we incorporate antibacterial agents in culture media for Fungal culture? |
To prevent overgrowth of contaminants. |
|
What is the most commonly used specific antibacterial agent in preventing overgrowth of rapidly-growing Molds? |
Cycloheximide |
|
CSF can be filtered through a ___________ attached to a sterile syringe: |
0.45 um membrane filter |
|
CSF: culture should be examined daily and the filter is moved to another location every _______: |
Every other day |
|
If less than 1mL of CSF is submitted, what should we do to it? |
It should be centrifuged and 1 drop aliquots of the sediment should be placed on several areas of the agar surface. |
|
CSF: once received in the lab, specimen must be processed promptly. If not possible, how do we stor the specimen? |
Store at room temp or placed in a 30°C incubator. |
|
Which sample collection is best done before any antimicrobial is administered? |
Blood sample collection |
|
Blood sample is usually collected from 2-3 different sites. (TRUE or FALSE) |
True |
|
What is used for the optimal recovery of Dimorphic fungi in the blood such as Histoplasma capsulatum? |
Lysis-centrifugation system (Isolator, Oxoid) |
|
Why do we lyse and centrifuge RBC and WBC containing the microorganisms? |
To concentrate the microorganisms before culturing. |
|
Fungal growth can be observed with _______ of incubation: |
4 days |
|
Some Dimorphic fungi are slow growing and the suggested incubation time is _____: |
21 days |
|
What is the optimal temperature for Fungal blood culture? |
30°C |
|
Enumerate the reagents contained in tubes for Lysis-centrifugation system (Isolator, Oxoid);
|
- Saponinn (cell-lying agent) - Propylene glycol (blocks the foaming tendency of saponin) - SPS (anticoagulant) |
|
Which type of clinical specimens are used for the diagnosis of dermatophyte infections? |
Hair, Skin, and Nail scrapings |
|
What material should we use to scrape skin and nails? |
Scalpel or glass slide |
|
How do we collect infected hairs? |
By plucking the hair using forceps. |
|
Hair, Skin, and Nail specimens should be placed in a sterile container and refrigerated. (TRUE or FALSE) |
False. It shouldn't be refrigerated. |
|
Which agar is satisfactory for the recovery of dermatophyte? |
Mycosel agar |
|
What are the antimicrobials are used as inhibitors incorporated into Mycosel agar for dermatophyte infections? |
Chloramphenicol and Cycloheximide |
|
Hair, Skin, or Nail cultures must be incubated for _____ days at _____ °C: |
21 days at 30°C |
|
What is the principle of Stomacher? |
Extraction of cytoplasmic contents by pressure. |
|
All tissues must be processed by ________: |
Mincing or grinding |
|
Tissue, bone marrow, body fluids: what is the minimum volume of specimen should be spread on the surface of the media? |
At least 1mL |
|
Bone marrow cannot be placed DIRECTLY on the surface of the culture media. (TRUE or FALSE) |
False. Bone marrow can be placed DIRECTLY on the surface of the culture media. |
|
Sterile body fluids must be centrifuged first and at least ___mL of specimen should be placed on the surface of the media: |
1mL |
|
Tissue, bone marrow, and body fluid cultures must be incubated for ___ days at ___°C : |
21 days at 30°C |
|
For delayed processing of tissue specimens, what should we add to them: |
Add sterile NSS. |
|
Are agar slants recommended? |
Yes. |
|
Protein, fats and polysaccharides are solubilized by which chemical? |
KOH (10%-30%) |
|
Which chemical clears cellular materials and is used for rapid detection of fungal elements? |
KOH (10%-30%) |
|
What makes a fungal cell wall an alkali resistant? |
Glucans and chitins |
|
Gentle heating and warming makes the reaction slow WITH 10-30% KOH. (TRUE or FALSE) |
False! Gentle heating and warming fastens the reaction with 10-30% KOH. |
|
What is referred to as the optical brightener dye used as whitening agent in textile and paper industry? |
Calcofluor white stain |
|
What are being blinded by calcofluor white stain? |
Cellulose and chitin |
|
Calcofluor white stain is used for rapid detection of fungal elements except in vaginal secretions. (TRUE or FALSE) |
True |
|
Which stain is used for the detection of C. neoformans in CSF? |
Alcian Blue |
|
Which stain is used:
|
Calcofluor white stain |
|
Which stain is used for the detection of Mycobacteria and Nocardia? |
Acid Fast stain |
|
Which stain is used for the examination of bone marrow and blood smear? |
Giemsa stain |
|
Identify the stain used: |
Alcian Blue |
|
Identify the stain used: |
Acid fast stain |
|
Identify the stain used: |
Giemsa stain |
|
What are some Fungi that stain weakly in Gram stain? |
- Cryptococcus - Nocardia |
|
Identify the stain used: |
India Ink |
|
Which stain is used for the detection of Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF? |
India Ink |
|
Which stain is positive in <50% cases of meningitis? |
India Ink |
|
Which stain is not sensitive in HIV-infected patients? |
India Ink |
|
Which stain stain is used for the detection of Fungi in skin scrapings? |
Methylene Blue |
|
Identify the stain used: |
Methylene Blue |
|
Which stain is used for the detection of Fungi in histologic/tissue secretions? |
Methenamine Silver stain |
|
Identify the stain used: |
Methenamine Silver stain |
|
Identify the stain used: |
Methenamine Silver stain |
|
Which stain is used for the examination of malignant cells? |
Papanicolaou stain |
|
Identify the stain used: |
Papanicolaou stain |
|
Papanicolaou stain: fungal elements stain ________: |
Pink to blue |
|
Histochemical stain for glycogen: |
Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain |
|
PAS stain: Hyphae and Yeasts stain ________ |
Magenta/deep pink |
|
Identify the stain used: |
Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain |
|
Which stain is used for examination of bone marrow or PBS for the detection of Histoplasma capsulatum and C. neoformans? |
Wright's stain |
|
Identify the stain used: |
Wright's stain |
|
Which stain is used with specimen done by adhesive tape preparation, by wet mount or microslide culture? |
Lactophenol Cotton Blue stain |
|
Identify the stain used : |
Lactophenol Cotton Blue stain |
|
In direct examination, fat droplets are often misidentified as _____: |
Yeast |
|
In direct examination, collagen fibers are often misidentified as _____: |
Nocardia filaments |
|
What is the sufficient amount of specimen to inoculate 3-4 media for Fungal culture? |
1-2mL |
|
How long should dermatophytes fungi be cultured? |
At least 2 weeks |
|
How long should opportunistic fungi be cultured? |
Less than a week |
|
How long should Systemic Fungi be cultured? |
- 4-6 weeks; - If H. capsulatum is suspected L, up to 12 weeks. |
|
What to do to prevent dehydration of fungal cultures? |
Make a thick volume of agar, inside plastic bag |
|
How ofter should fungal cultures be observed to monitor growth? |
Every 2-3 days - wait up to full term of incubation. |
|
What is the primary recovery media of saprobic and pathogenic Fungi? |
Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHIA) |
|
Enumerate all Primary recovery media: |
- BHIA - BHI w/ antibiotics - BHI blood culture - Inhibitory mold agar - Mycosel or mycobiotic agar - SABHI - Potato flake agar - Yeast extract PO4 agar |
|
What is the primary recovery media for Fungi exclusive of dermatophytes? |
BHI w/ antibiotics |
|
What is the primary recovery media for Fungi from blood? |
BHI biphasic in blood culture bottle |
|
Identify the media: |
BHI for blood culture |
|
Identify the media: |
SABHI |
|
Which agar is used for recovering Fungi exclusive of dermatophytes? |
Inhibitory Mold Agar |
|
Which agar is used to recover saprobic and pathogenic Fungi? |
Potato flake agar |
|
Identify the media: |
Potato flake agar |
|
Identify the media: |
Dermatophyte test medium |
|
Identify the media : |
Inhibitory Mold agar |
|
Fungal culture media that is said to be the primary recovery of dermatophytes? |
Mycosel or Mycobiotic agar |
|
Identify the media : |
Mycobiotic agar |
|
Identify the media : |
SABHI |
|
Identify the media : |
Yeast extract agar |
|
Enumerate all the differential test media for Fungal culture: |
- Ascospore agar - Corn meal agar - Cottonseed conversion agar - Czapek's agar - Niger seed agar - Potato dextrose agar - Rice medium - Trichophyton agar - Urea agar -Yeast fermentation broth/Yeast nitrogen base |
|
Which agar is used for the detection of Ascospores in ascoporogenous yeast such as Saccharomyces sp. |
Ascospore agar |
|
Which agar is used for the identification of C. albicans by chlamydospore production? Also used in identification of C. albicans; |
Corn meal Agar w/ Tween 80 and Tryptan Blue |
|
Which agar is used for the conversion of Dimorphic fungus B. dermatitis from mold to yeast form? |
Cottonseed Conversion agar |
|
Which agar is used for the recovery and differential identification of Aspergillus sp.? |
Czapek's agar |
|
Identify the media: |
Czapek's agar |
|
Which agar is used for the identification of of C. neoformans? |
Niger Seed agar |
|
Which agar is used for the detection of nitrate reduction in confirmation of Cryptococcus sp.? |
Nitrate reduction medium |
|
Which agar is used for the demonstration of pigment production by T. rubum; preparation of microslide culture? |
Potato dextrose agar |
|
Identify the media : |
Potato dextrose agar |
|
Which medium is used for the identification of M. audounii? |
Rice medium |
|
Which agar is medium is used for the identification of members of Trichophyton genus? |
Trichophyton agar 1-7 |
|
Which medium is used for the detection of Cryptococcus spp. ; differentiate T. mentahrophytes from T. rubrum; and detection of Trichosporon spp.? |
Urea agar |
|
Identify the media : |
Trichophyton agar |
|
Which agar is used for the identification of Yeasts by determining carbohydrates assimilation? |
Yeas Nitrogen Base Agar |
|
Enumerate the general consideration for identification of molds: |
- Growth rate - Colonial morphologic features - Microscopic morphologic features |
|
Which stain is used to examine fungal culture microscopically? |
Lactophenol Cotton blue |
|
For skin scrapings, why do we scrape active edge center? |
It heals first |
|
For skin scraping and nail clippings/shavings, what is the concentration of ROH we use to clean the site? |
70% ROH |
|
Nail clippings/shavings : what is the direction? |
From proximal to distal |
|
Debris under nail plate should not be included in the specimen being collected. (TRUE or FALSE) |
False! Debris under nail plate should also be collected. |
|
Nail clippings/shavings: why do we prefer small clippings? |
For easier KOH digestion. |
|
Nail clippings/shavings: how long will digestion take using 10-30% KOH? |
Overnight. |
|
What do we use to collect subungual debris? |
1 mm curette |
|
What is the ideal type of sputum specimen for Fungal culture? |
1st morning sputum; after brushing & mouthwash |
|
Is sputum specimen collected 73 hrs ago still acceptable? |
No. |
|
Hair specimen collection: why do we use woods lamp? |
We examine scalp with wood's lamp for fluorescing hair. |
|
Tissue specimen collection: why must specimen consist of normal tissue and both center and edge lesion? |
Center lesion: diagnosis of H. capsulatum infection Edge lesion: diagnosis of B. dermatitidis infection |
|
Is 24hr urine acceptable? |
No. |
|
Do we accept urine specimens from catheter bag? |
No. |
|
Aralin n'yo nalang 'to. Hirap n'ya gawan ng tanong HAHAHAHA |
apakahaba naman kasi ng PPT |
|
What is the font color used in the last slide? |
Black |