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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Patronage
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Sponsorship of an artist or musician, historically by a member of the wealthy
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Gregorian Chant
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Also know as: plainchant or plainsong; Monophonic melody w/ a freely flowing vocal line
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Syllabic
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Melodic style w/ one note to each syllable of text
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Neumatic
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Melodic style w/ two to four notes set to each syllable
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Neumes
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Early musical notation signs; square notes on a four-line staff
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Nakers
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Midieval percussion insturuments resembling small kettledrums; played in pairs; middle eastern orgin
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Melismatic
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Melodic style characterized by many notes sung to a single text syllable
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Mode
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Scale or sequence of notes used as the basis for a composition; major and minor are modes
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Modal
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Characterizes music that is based on modes other than major and minor, especially the early church modes
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Mass
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Central service of the Roman Catholic Church
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Motet
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Polyrythmic vocal genre, secular in the Middle Ages but sacred or devotional thereafter
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Divine Offices
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Cycle of daily services of the Roman Catholic Church, distinct from mass
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Proper
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Sections of the Roman Catholic Mass that vary from day to day depending on time of year and the occasion
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Ordinary
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Sections of Roman Catholic Mass that remain the same from day to day throughout the church year
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Responsorial Singing
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Singing, especially in Gregorian Chant, in which a soloist or a group of soloists alternates w/ the choir
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Polyphony or Polyphonic
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Two or more melodic lines combined into a multivoiced texture
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Organum
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Earliest kind of polyphonic music, which came from adding voices above a plainchant
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Polytextual
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Two or more texts set simultaneously in a composition; common in the medieval motet
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Jongleurs
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Medieval wandering entertainers who played instruments, sang and danced, juggled, and did plays
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Jongleuresses
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Female Jongleurs
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Troubadours
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Medieval poet-musicians in Southern France
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Trobairitz
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Female Troubadours
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Trouveres
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Medieval poet-musicians in Northern France
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Estampie
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A dance form prevalent in late medieval France, either w/ voice or purely insturmental
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Strophic Form
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Song structure in which the same music is repeated w/ every stanza of the poem
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Rebec
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Medieval bowed-string instrument, often w/ a pair shaped body
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Pipe
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A medieval flute with three holes that is blown at one end through a mouthpiece
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Guitarra Moresca
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A strummed string instrument introduced by Spain to the Moores
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Ars Antiqua
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Polyphonic musical style, usually French, from 1160-1320
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Ars Nova
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Fourteenth-century French polyphonic musical style whose themes moved from religous to secular
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Chanson
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French monophonic or polyphonic song, especially of the Middle Ages and Rennissance; Set to either courtly or popular poetry
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Rondeau
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Medieval and Rennissance fixed poetic form and chanson type w/ courtly love texts
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Ballade
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French poetic form and chanson type of the Middle Ages and Renaissance w/ courtly love texts. Also a Romantic genre, especially a lyric piano piece
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Varelai
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Medieval and Renaissance fixed poetic form and chanson type w/ French courtly texts
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Shawm
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Medieval wind instrument; ancestor of the oboe
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Rabab
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Any of a variety of bowed string instruments from the islamic world, most held upright. The medieval rebec was derived from these inst.
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Zurna
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Double-reeded inst from the Middle East; The Shawm was derived from this instrument
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Recorder
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End-blown woodwind instrument with a wistle mouthpiece, generally associated w/ early music
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Lute
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Plucked-string inst of Middle Eastern orgin, popular in Western Europe from late Middle Ages to 18th century
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Harp
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Plucked-string inst, triangular in shape w/ strings perpendicular to the soundboard
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Psaltery
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Medieval plucked-string inst similar to the modern zither, consisting of a sound box over which strings are stretched
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Dulcimer
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Early folk instrument that resembles the psaltery; its strings are struck w/ hammers instead of plucked
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Rhythmic Modes
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Fixed rhythmic patterns of long and short notes, popular in the 13th century
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Vielle
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Medieval bowed-string inst; ancestor of the violin
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Sacbut
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Early brass inst; ancestor of the trombone
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Crumhorn
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Early woodwind inst, whose sound is produced by blowing into a capped double-reed and the lower body is curved
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Cornetto
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Early instrument of the brass family w/ woodwind-like finger holes; developed from cowhorn but was made of wood
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Tabor
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Cylindrical medieval drum
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Portative Organ
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Medieval organ small enough to be carried, usually w/ one set of pipes
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Positive Organ
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Small single-manual organ, popular in the Renissance and Baroque eras
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Imitation
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Melodic idea presented in one voice and then restated in another
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Word Painting
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Musical pictorialization of words from the text as an expressive device; prominent feature of Renaissance Madrigal
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Cantus Firmus
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Fixed Melody, usually of very long notes; Renaissance era
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Homorythmic
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Texture in which all voices, or lines, move together in the same rhythm
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Vernacular
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The common language spoken by the people as distinguished from the literary language or educated elite
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Requiem Mass
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Roman Catholic Mass for the dead
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Madrigal
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Renaissance secular work originating in Italy for voices, w/ or w/o inst, set to a short, lyric love poem; also polular in England
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Ronde
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Lively Renaissance "round dance," associated w/ the outdoors, in which the participants danced in a circle or a line
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Binary form
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Two-part (A-B) form w/ each section normally repeated
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Embellishment
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Melodic decoration, either improvised or indicated through ornamentation signs in the music
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Polychoral
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Performance style developed in the late 16th century; two or more choirs alternate or sing w/ eachother
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Musical Movements of the Mass
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#1 - 10 (Proper & Ordinary)
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#1
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Introit (Proper)
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Ordinary
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Fixed portion
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Proper
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Variable portion
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#2
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Kyrie (Ordinary)
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#3
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Gloria (Ordinary)
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#4
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Gradual (Proper)
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#5
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Alleluia or Tract (Proper)
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#6
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Credo (Ordinary)
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#7
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Offertory (Proper)
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#8
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Sanctus (Ordinary)
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#9
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Agnus Dei (Ordinary)
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#10
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Communion (Proper)
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Hildegard of Bingen
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Alleluia, O virga mediatrix; Plainchant; Alleluia, from the Mass Proper
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Notre Dame School Organum
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Gaude Maria virgo; Organum, 3 voices; Responsory for one of the offices
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Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
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Kalenda maya; Late 12th century; Estampie (Troubadour dance song)
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Machaut
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Puis qu'en oubli; Mid-14th century; Polyphonic chanson 3 voices
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15th & 16th century musicians found employement as what?
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choirmasters, singers, organists, instrumentalists, copyists, composers, teachers, instrument builders, and music printers
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Which musical institutions found support in the 15th and 16th century?
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Church choirs and schools, music publishing houses, and civic wind bands
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Cantor
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Solo singer or singing leader in Jewish and Christian liturgical music
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Minnesingers
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Late medieval German poet-musicians
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Guiro
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Idiophone of Latin orgin; a hollow gourd with notches, across which a stick is scraped
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Panpipes or Syrinx
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Wind inst consisting of a series of small vertical tubes of different length; sound produced by blowing across tubes
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Lyre
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Ancient plucked-string inst of the harp family, used to accompany singing and poetry
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Muses
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Nine daughters of Zeus in ancient mythology; each presided over one of the arts
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Quadrivium
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Subdivision of the seven liberal arts; includes mathmatical subjects of music, arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy
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Josquin
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Ave Maria...virgo serena; 1480s; 4-voice motet
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Palestrina
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Pope Marcellus Mass, Gloria; 1567; Mass, Gloria, from a setting of the Ordinary
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Susato
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Three Dances; 1551; Ronde (a round dance), duple meter, arranged for 4-part ensemble; binary form
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Monteverdi
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Ecco mormorar l'onde; 1590 Second book of Madrigals; Italian Madrigal, 5 voices (SSATB)
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Farmer
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Fair Phyllis; 1599; English madrigal, 4 voices
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