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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe the glenohumeral joint
1. Type 2. Articular surfaces 3. Capsule 4. Ligaments 5. Special features 6. Movements |
1. Type: synovial ball and socket joint
2. Articular surfaces: - Head of humerus - Glenoid fossa of scapula - Articular surfaces are not a good fit = allows extensive movement - Shallow glenoid fossa is deepened by fibrocartilagenous (not hyaline) rim = glenoid labrum 3. Capsule: - Thin and loose = allows movement - Apertures for bursa which act as cushions from friction points • Subacromial bursa = separate to joint cavity under the coracoacromial arch and continuous with subdeltoid bursa • Subscapular bursa = continuous with cavity beneath the tendon of subscapularis (which can lead to squashing and inflammation) 4. Ligaments - Glenohumeral = 3 parts (superior, middle and inferior) - Transverse humeral - Coracohumeral - Coracoacromial (forming the coracoacromial arch) 5. Also aperture in the capsule for the tendon of biceps brachii, which is attached within the joint capsule 6. 360 degree movement = flexion, extension, adbduction, adduction, external and internal rotaion, circumduction |
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What are the 8 muscles associated with the shoulder joint?
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1. Pectoralis major
2. Deltoid 3. Latissimus dorsi 4. Teres major 5. Subscapularis 6. Supraspinatus 7. Infraspinatus 8. Teres minor |
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Describe the features of pectoralis major:
1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Nerve supply 4. Movement |
1. Origin:
- 2 heads = clavicular and sternocostal - Medial third clavicle - Sternum - Upper six costal cartilages 2. Insertion: Lateral border intertubercular groove 3. Nerve Supply: Medial & lateral pectoral nerves C7,8, T1 4. Action: Adduction, flexion, medial rotation of shoulder, accessory muscle for respiration |
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Describe the features of deltoid:
1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Nerve supply 4. Movement |
1. Origin = 3 parts (anterior, middle and posterior):
- Lateral third clavicle - Acromion process - Spine of scapula 2. Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity on lateral aspect of humerus 3. Nerve Supply: Axillary circumflex C5,6 4. Action: Abduction (middle), flexion (anterior), extension of shoulder (posterior) |
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Describe the features of latissimus dorsi:
1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Nerve supply 4. Movement |
1. Origin:
- Spines of vertebrae T6 – L5 - Sacrum - Posterior iliac crest 2. Insertion: - Floor of intertubercular groove 3. Nerve Supply: Thoraco-dorsal nerve C6,7,8 4. Action: Adduction, extension, medial rotation of shoulder |
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Describe the features of teres major:
1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Nerve supply 4. Movement |
1. Origin: Posterior surface inferior angle of scapula
2. Insertion: Medial lip of intertubercular groove 3. Nerve Supply: Lower subscapular nerve C6,7 4. Action: Adduction, extension, medial rotation of shoulder (same as Latissimus Dorsi ) |
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Describe the features of coracobrachialis:
1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Nerve supply 4. Movement |
1. Origin: coracoid process of the scapula with biceps brachii
2. Insertion: iddle third of med border of humerus 3. Innervation: Musculocutaneous N (C5,6,7) which runs through muscle 4. Action: Flexes and weakly adducts arm |
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What are the rotator cuff muscles?
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1. Supraspinatus
2. Infraspinatus 3. Teres minor 4. Subscapularis |
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Describe the features of supraspinatus:
1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Nerve supply 4. Movement |
1. Origin: Supraspinous fossa
2. Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus 3. Nerve Supply: Suprascapular nerve C4, 5,6 4. Action: Abduction of arm = initiation before deltoid takes over, stability of the shoulder joint Note: Subacromial bursa lies above the tendon and below the coracoacromial arch |
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Describe the features of infraspinatus:
1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Nerve supply 4. Movement |
1. Origin: Infraspinous fossa
2. Insertion: Middle facet greater tuberosity 3. Nerve Supply: Suprascapular nerve C5,6, 4. Action: Lateral rotation |
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Describe the features of teres minor:
1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Nerve supply 4. Movement |
1. Origin: Lateral border dorsal surface scapula
2. Insertion: Inferior facet greater tuberosity below infraspinatus 3. Nerve Supply: Axillary nerve C5,6, 4. Action: Lateral rotation and adduction of arm |
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Describe the features of subscapularis:
1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Nerve supply 4. Movement |
1. Origin: Subscapular fossa scapula
2. Insertion: Lesser tuberosity of humerus 3. Nerve Supply: Upper & lower subscapular nerves C5,6,7 4. Action: Medial rotation |