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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
______ has replaced IDE as the standard drive connection
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SATA
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CMOS
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complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor
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Most popular motherboards are:
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AT
ATX - has more poweer management features; - supports faster systems - easier to install |
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The selection of motherboard determines:
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the capabilities and limitations of the system
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The chipset controls:
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all buses
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Motherboard components:
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CPU and accompanying chipsets:
ROM BIOS RAM Buses and expansion slots Components used to change hardware config settings |
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Basic components of CPU:
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I/O unit
ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit Control unit |
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Temporary storage in CPU:
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Registers
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Pentiums:
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2 ALU's:
64 bit eternal path size 2 32 bit internal paths (one for each ALU) |
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speed measured in MegaHertz that determines how fast the memory and CPU run:
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bus speed
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clock speed (cycles per second):
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processor speed
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Ratio between the CPU and FSB:
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Multiplier
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Temporary high speed storage mechanism
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memory cache
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CPU slots and sockets
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CPU and motherboard must match
Slots 1 & 2 are Intel proprietary slots Slot A and Socket A are AMD proprietary connectors |
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Raised CPU sockets help with ______
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cooling
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typical voltage:
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3.3 volts is most common but not all components use 3.3 v so voltage regulators are used to step down the voltage.
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less voltage =
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less heat
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Controls the amount of voltage to the CPU:
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VRM (Voltage Regulator Module)
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Rom should only be updated when:
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when there is an issue with the motherboard
or There is a feature you want to use |
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Bios for most manufacturers can be updated at:
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unicore.com
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Buses evolved around what 2 things?
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Speed and data path
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Local bus (system:
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high speed data connection directly linking peripheral devices to the processor and memory, allowing activities that require high data transmission rates (video display)
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External Bus (ISA):
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allows expansion of computer
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buses carry:
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control signals
electrical power memory address data |
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Onboard ports, risers, and connectors are:
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buses and expansion slots
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Buses and expansion slots:
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evolved around speed and data path
local bus (system) expansion bus (ISA) buses carry elect pwr, cntrl signals, mem add, & data onboard ports, risers, and connectors |
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Components used to change hardware settings:
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* jumpers
* DIP Switches * CMOS -also called real-time clock/nonvolatile RAM chip (RTC/NVRC) |
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Form factor defines
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– Size of the motherboard
– General location of components and parts |
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Chipset defines
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– Type of processor and RAM supported
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Built-in components determine
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– The core functions of the system
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Categories of CMOS settings:
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*Standard
* BIOS Features menu * Advanced Chip Set Setup * IDE HDD Auto-Detect * Hardwre Device Settings |
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Attributes Used to Rate CPUs:
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* Processor core speed (GHz)
* Word size and Data path * Efficiency/special functionality of prog code * System bus speeds the processor supports * Amount of memory included w/CPU (int/ext cache) * Type of RAM, MB, and Chipset the CPU supports * Multiprocessor abilty |
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Setup Data stored in CMOS Memory:
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* retains data when pc is off
*Setup cannot be changed unintentionally, but disk drive must be working before you can change setup |
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Steps to Building a Computer
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1. Verify you have all parts to be installed
2. Prepare case 3. Install drives 4. Determine proper setup config settings for MB 5. Set jumpers or switches on MB 6. Install CPU and CPU cooler 7. Install RAM 8. Install MB and attach cabling 9. Install video card 10. Plug in PC and attach monitor/keyboard 11. Boot system & enter CMOS setup 12. Insure settings set to default 13. Insert bootable setup disk (if booting from floppy) 14. Observe POST 15. Prepare HD for OS 16. Reboot and run ScanDisk on C: 17. Connect mouse 18. Install OS 19. Change boot order in CMOS 20. Check for system resource conflicts 21. Install other Expansion cards and/or drives 22. Verify Operation; make final OS and/or CMOS adjustments |
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Before Installing Motherboard in case:
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* Prepare MB to go in case
- set jumpers - Add CPU, fan and heat sink |
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Installing Motherboard in case:
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***PREPARE MB BY SETTING JUMPERS; ADDING CPU, HEAT SINK, AND FAN***
1. Install faceplate 2. Install standoffs 3. Attach MB to case 4. Connect PWR to P1 PWR connector on MB 5. Connect front panel leads to MB (reset switch, PWR LED, HDD LED, speaker, and remote switch |
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Troubleshooting Motherboard and CPU:
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* Look for clues from post (Beeps Codes)
* Substitute good hardware for suspect ones |
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Motherboards - Officially Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)
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– PCBs come in multiple layers with
highways of wires (bus systems) in the layers – These highways of wires are called traces – Layers enable complexity while minimizing any interference |
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Built in components determie:
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core functions of PC
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Proprietary form factors
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– Unique to a specific company
– Don’t follow standards and require upgrades and service from that company – Difficult to support |
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Chipset defines:
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* type of processor
* type and amount of RAM * What internal/external devices MB will support |
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Chipset serves as the electronic interface through which the _____, ______, and ______ interact?
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CPU, RAM, and I/O devices
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Most modern Chipsets have 2 primary chips.
they are: |
Northbridge and Southbridge
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Super I/O chip:
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provides legacy report for parallel ports, serial ports, drives and more
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North and Southbridge chips on Intel MBs sometimes called:
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NB MCH - (Memory Controller Hub) -
SB ICH - I/O Controller Hub |
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Chipset chips require _________. Windows has some generic support for these.
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Drivers
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Installing Motherboard:
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1. Install CPU and RAM before putting it in the case
2. Check/adjust standouts 3. Mount MB in case 4. Install HDs, power supply ect. 5. Connect pwr connetions and other leads 6. TEST!!!! |
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Final step is to connect LEDs, buttons and front-mounted ports such as:
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soft power
reset button speaker HD activity LED Power USB port Sound |