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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
HIV
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus -
Virus that targetes host immune cells and turns them into viral factories for HIV reproduction |
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AIDS
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome -
Association symptomatic condition rendering the host vulnerable to opportunistic infections, disability and death (Culminating Sickness) |
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Goals of Nutritional Intervention
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1. Optimize Nutritional Status
2. Prevent development of specific nutrient deficiencies 3. Prevent loss of weight and lean body mass 4. Maximize the effectiveness of the medical treatment |
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HIV IS A RETROVIRUS
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HIV IS A RETROVIRUS
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CD4 cells
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Helper T cells
become infected and dysfunction alongside macrophages |
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HIV Transmission
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Blood and body fluid exchange
May be transmitted to baby during pregnancy, at birth or through breastfeeding |
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HIV Main Causes
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unprotected sex and needle sharing
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Opportunistic Infections
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Infections that a healthy immune system can fight off. (ex. Kaposi Sarcoma)
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Pathiophysiology of HIV infection
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Flu-like symptoms
Reduction in CD4 counts Opportunistic Infections Nutritional decline, wasting |
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Pathophysiology (Continued)
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Malabsorption leading to malnutrition
Elevated protein turnover rates Elevated immune system activity Constant inflammatory condition Hormonal and nutrient metabolism alternations Increased Risk of other diseases |
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Diagnosis of Aids
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CD4+ count of less than 200 cells per microliter
AND/OR Aids defining illness (Opportunistic Infections) |
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HAART THERAPY
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Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
-Combo of 3 or more drugs from at least 2 classes -Cannot Cure HIV but keeps it under control -Strict timing, no skipping |
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GOAL of HAART Therapy
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controlling viral load and raising CD4
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Side Effects of HAART
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N/V, vivid dreams, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, lypodystrophy
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AIDS-related Wasting Syndrome
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weight loss of 10% without any known cause WITH fever or diarrhea for more than a month
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Suggested Criteria for Diagnosis of Wasting in HIV Disease
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Weight Loss
-10% over 12 months -7.5% over 6 months BMI under 20 |
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Nutritional Implications
Changes in macro/micro-nutrient status |
Low serum selenium, zinc, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper, carotene, choline, glutathione, vitamins A, B6, B12, E
Low Folate niacin, carnitine, |
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Nutritional Assessment
Comprehensive Assessment |
-Weight is evaluated in terms of %UBW
-Can use anthropometric -Visceral protein labs (albumin, prealb, RBP, Transferin, etc.) |
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Lypodystrophy
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Lipohypertrophy
-Buffalo Hump -Breast Hypertrophy -Abdominal visceral fat accumulation Lipoatrophy -loss of subcutaneous fat from cheeks -Subcutaneous fat depleted from arms, shoulders, thighs and buttocks. |
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Energy Needs for AIDS
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BEE x 1.3 (for maintenance)
BEE x 1.5 (weight gain) 7% increase for every degree F 13% increase for every degree C |
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Protein Needs for AIDS
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1 to 1.4 g/kg for maintenance
1.5 to 2.0 for repletion |
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Vitamins / Minerals for AIDS
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high antioxidants
(Beta carotene, vit E, ascorbic acid, B12, B6, & folic acid) |
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Exercise for AIDS
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Both aerobic and resistance for at least 3 times/week
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