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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The powerhouse of the cell
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Mitochondria
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control center of cell
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nucleus
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During DNA replication, adenine always pairs with
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Thymine
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During DNA replication, cytosine always pairs with
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Guanine
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The stage of respiration that releases most of the energy in glucose occurs in the
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Mitochondria
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During this process, glucose is broken down, releasing energy.
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Respiration
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During this process, the cell uses the energy in sunlight to make food.
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Photosynthesis
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The energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen is called this
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Fermentation
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In this stage of the cell cycle the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei.
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Mitosis
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This is a disease in which cells grow and divide uncontrollably.
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Cancer
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A mass of abnormal cells.
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Tumor
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This captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis.
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Chlorophyll
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Carbon dioxide enters plants through this.
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Stomata
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During what stage of the cell cycle does replication occur?
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Interphase
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What is copied during replication?
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The cell's DNA
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Identical strands of chromosomes
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Chromatids
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The stage of the cell cycle that follows mitosis is called this.
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Cytokinesis
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This controls what enters and leaves the cell
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Cell membrane
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This organelle converts energy from food molecules into energy the cell can use.
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Mitochondria
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All organic compounds contain this element.
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Carbon
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Most chemical reactions in cells require these molecules.
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Water
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Refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
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Diffusion
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Refers to the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.
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Osmosis
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Refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy.
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Passive Transport
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Refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane by using the cell’s energy.
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Active Transport
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These speed up chemical reactions.
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Enzymes
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Protects and supports plant cells.
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Cell wall
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Which organelles store food and other materials needed by the cell?
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Vacuole
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Which organelles release chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones?
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Lysosomes
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Sugar molecules can combine with one another to form large molecules called this.
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Startches
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When two or more elements combine chemically, they form this.
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Compounds
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In Mendel’s experiments, what proportion of the plants in the F2 generation had a trait that had been absent in the F1 generation?
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One forth
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Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait this.
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Hybrid
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This shows all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
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Punnett Square
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If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?
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100%
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An organism’s physical appearance
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Phenotype
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Different forms of a gene
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Alleles
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Genetic makeup or allele combination
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Genotype
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Two identical alleles for a trait
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Homozygous
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Two different alleles for a trait
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Heterozygous
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A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes it to react
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Stimulus
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Maintaining stable internal conditions
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Homeostasis
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The scientific study of how living things are classified
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Taxonomy
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Broadest classification level
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Domain
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The source of energy for most autotrophs is
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Sun
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An organism that makes its own food is called
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Autotroph
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The products of respiration are energy, carbon dioxide, and
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Water
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A change in DNA is called
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Mutation
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The most common treatments for cancer include drugs, surgery, and
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Radiation
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A form of treatment in which drugs destroy cancer cells is called
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Chemotherapy
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During cytokinesis in plant cells, this forms across the middle of the cell.
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Cell plate
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These are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
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Cells
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Produce proteins in cells
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Ribosomes
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Sugars and starches are examples of organic compounds known as this.
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Carbohydrates
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DNA and RNA belong to the group of organic compounds known as
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Nucleic Acids
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These small molecules make up proteins.
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Amino Acids
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Offspring of many generations of organisms that have the same trait.
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Purebred
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In a cross between two hybrid Tt pea plants, this percent of the offspring will be Tt.
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50%
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Alleles that are neither dominant nor recessive produce an inheritance pattern known as
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Codominance
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The process of grouping things based on similarities is called
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Classification
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The first word in an organism’s scientific name
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Genus
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10 cm equals how many mm
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100 mm
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412 km equals how many m?
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412,000 m
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11 mm equals how many cm?
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1.1 cm
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0.23 L equals how many mL?
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230 mL
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0.0005 kg equals how many cg?
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50 cg
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0 L equals how many mL?
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0 mL
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41 g equals how many cg?
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4100 cg
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1 L equals how many mL?
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1000 mL
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Unscramble the term
smtiios |
mitosis
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Unscramble the term
iessomi |
meiosis
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2.2 kg equals how many g?
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2200 g
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Anaphase
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Name the stage of mitosis
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Metaphase
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Name the stage of mitosis
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Structure that holds two chromatids together
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Centromere
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A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
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Probability
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This theory states that genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes.
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Chromosome theory of inheritance
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He discovered that grasshopper sex cells have half the number of chromosomes found in the body cells.
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Sutton
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Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed into new sex cells during this process.
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Meiosis
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Proteins are made of these
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Amino Acids
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During protein synthesis this copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm
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Messenger RNA
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A term that refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics
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Traits
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During protein synthesis this will carry amino acids and add them to the growing protein
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Transfer RNA
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This is where protein synthesis occurs in the cell
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Cytoplasm
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Which nitrogen base in RNA is NOT part of DNA?
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Uracil
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These make up chromosomes
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Genes
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The substitution of one base for another during DNA replication is an example of
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A mutation
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Codominance or Incomplete Dominance
Blood type |
Codominance
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If a mother has type A blood and the father has type B blood this will be the child's blood type.
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Type AB
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If a mother has type A blood and the father has type O blood this will be the child's blood type.
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Type A
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Blood type that is the Universal Donor
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Type O
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Blood type that is the Universal Acceptor
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Type AB
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Codominance or Incomplete Dominance
A white flower and a red flower produce pink flowers |
Incomplete dominance
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DNA stands for this
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Deoxyribonucleic acid
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RNA stand for this
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Ribonucleic Acid
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Unscramble the word
eeldnm |
Mendel
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Unscramble the word
ooorcmmhse |
Chromosome
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Male sex cell
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Sperm
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Female sex cell
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Egg
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The order of nitrogen bases along a gene
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Genetic Code
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