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97 Cards in this Set
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SARA (Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act |
Requires facilities to report, document, and notify of hazardous materials. Provide public and local government with info concerning potential chem hazards present in their communities. |
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Reporting facilities (hazmat) |
Must store 10,000 lbs or more of a reportable chemical. Or a facility storing an extremely hazardous substance. |
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29 CFR 1910.120 |
Covers emergency response ops for release of hazardous substances. |
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HAZWOPER |
Establishes levels of training for awareness ops, on-scene IC, hazmat specialists. Regulations for medical monitoring of employees. |
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NFPA 472 |
Standard for hazmat response/mass incidents |
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NFPA 473 |
Standard for EMS for hazmat response/mass incidents |
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Hazmat violations |
Liability: being responsible for personal actions Negligence: Not following standard of care Gross negligence: Willful disregard for standard of care |
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29 CFR 1910.1200 |
Requires employers to provide SDS of all checmicals above household quantities located at the facility. |
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Hazardous materials governing entities |
DOT: transportation EPA: environmental and human effect OSHA: chem. that would be a risk to people in the workplace FDA: effect on consumable products TRCC TCEQ |
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CERCLA |
Giant trust fund used to provide cleanup of hazmat worksites |
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29 CFR1910-134 |
Repiratory protection program, requires record keeping for SCBA gear |
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NFPA 1991, 1992, 1994 |
91: vapor protection 92: liquid splash protection 94: first responder ensembles |
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Containment ops |
Keep hazardous materials confined to a container |
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Violent Tank Rupture |
Similar to BLEVE, with non-flammable products |
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Cryogenics |
Gas compressed to point it become liquid, below 130° F |
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PH |
0-14 0-6=acid 7=neutral 8-14=base |
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Critical temperature |
Minimum temperature at and above which vapor cannot be liquified |
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Critical pressure |
Pressure needed to bring gas to a liquid state |
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Explosion ratio |
Amount vapor produces by volume of a liquid at a given temperature |
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Hypergolic Materials |
Materials that explode on contact |
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Miscible |
Degree or readiness which 2 gases or liquids are able to mix |
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Inhibitor |
Agent added to product to control chemical reaction or polymerization |
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Pyrophoric Material |
Capable of being ignited on contact with air |
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Polymerization |
Chemical process where single molecules known as monomers react with others to form long chains called polymers |
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Slurry |
Pourable mix of solid/liquid |
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Volatility |
Ease a liquid or solid turns to vapor |
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Ground cover fires |
Burn loose debris on the surface of the ground |
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Wildland triangle |
Weather, topography, fuel |
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Subsurface fuels |
Underground fuels, hard to locate/extinguish. Root systems etc. |
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Surface fuel |
Anything up to and below your head. Bushes, brush, etc. |
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Above ground fuel |
Canopy fuels, 6 ft above ground |
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Ground duff |
Partly decomposed organic matter on floor |
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Slush |
Leftovers from logging operations |
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Continuity |
Relative closeness of wildland fuels, allows fire to spread |
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Fuel moisture |
Denser fuels give up moisture slower than light fuels |
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Relative humidity |
Ratio of water present in air vs amount air can hold at hold at a given temp |
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Aspect |
Direction of a slope face, southern facing slopes burn faster |
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Green |
Area of unburned fuels in wildland fires |
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NFPA 1977 |
Wildland PPE regulations |
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Backfiring |
Burning areas to remove fuel |
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GPM Formula |
29.7×d(squared)×√NP |
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Friction Loss Formula |
FL=C×Q(squared)×L C=friction loss coefficient (hose diameter) Q=flow rate in GPM÷100 L=hose length÷100 Always work from nozzle back |
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Nozzle Reaction Formula |
Solid: 1.57×d(squared)×NP Fog: .0505×Q×✓NP Q=Total flow in GPM |
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Old friction loss method |
2×Q(squared)+Q |
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Appliance Loss |
>350: 0psi <350: 25psi Standard device: 10psi (over 350) |
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Master stream w/ fog or smoothbore |
105 psi |
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Regular stream |
125 psi |
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Elevation Pressure Loss |
Water exerts .434 psi per foot of elevation EP=.5H EP=elevation pressure loss/gain H=height in feet Stories: # of stories-1×5 |
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TPL total pressure loss |
Sum of all losses due to hose, pressure, elevation, appliances, friction. TPL=FL+appliance loss+EP loss |
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PDP pump discharge pressure |
PDP= TPL+NP |
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Water Flow Formulas |
Req GPM: Cubic ft.÷100 Cubic ft=lwh OR L×W÷3 (use if whole room or structure is burning if not guestimate and divide) |
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Area if a circle |
πr(squared) |
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Indicators of loss in structual integrity (overhaul) |
Spalled concrete Weakened steel roof members Walls offset Weakened root trusses Water pooled on upper floors Heavy storage on mezzanines Wall ties melted |
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Overhaul rules |
Do not throw overhaul out the window |
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Minimum residential GPM |
150 for handlines |
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Minimum Commercial GPM |
250 for handlines |
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Combination Attack Uses |
1. Select opening providing Max stream application 2. Rotate nozzle clockwise quickly, close after 30 seconds. 3. Move indoors and use straight stream once only smoke is visible -Works best in small, engulfed areas -Ventilation is necessary so heated gasses can escape. |
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Localised fire |
Apply water to base |
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Growth phase attack (ceiling level) |
Start at ceiling (sweeping), once ceiling extinguished quickly move down counter clockwise |
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Hose size up |
-Pull enough hose to cover entire dwelling -For residential estimate 1 whole hose load for each floor (up to fire floor) + 1 length -2 hose lengths for type 3 construction +1 for areas with obstructions (ex:grocery stores) |
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Attack line rules |
-Always charge handlines before advancing. -Straight/solid stream always used inside -Time ventilation with charging and bleeding of handlines. -Nozzle man ensures everyone has PPE |
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Automatic nozzle |
Will discharge a wide range of flows with an effective fire stream depending in the pressure being supplied. |
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Running end |
Running end of a rope used for hoisting or pulling |
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Relief valve |
By pass s excess water through pump intake |
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Torch classification |
Cutting tool |
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Water rescue |
Wear a flotation device within 10 ft if waters edge |
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Smooth bore nozzles |
Operate at 50 psi |
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Scba hydrostatic testing |
Every 5 years |
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Halyard and wire cables |
Are replaced by firefighters when frayed |
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2.5 in hose |
Supplies 125-350 gpm |
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Flat head axe classification |
Staging tool |
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Primary concern ordinary construction |
Fire spreading through confined spaces |
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Reverse lay |
Running hose from fire to water source |
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Attack line length |
1.5-3 in. |
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Supply line length |
2.5-6 in. |
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When dealing with multiple floors each is known as a |
Division |
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When working from a ground ladder the hook on the safety harness should be |
Attached to the rung |
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Types of power saws |
Chainsaw and rotary |
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Spiral chamber of centrifugal pumping which velocity of water is converted to pressure |
Volute |
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Highest priority in radio traffic |
Emergency traffic |
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The use if _____ language required in ims |
Clear |
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Stage of fire influenced by environment and amount of ventilation |
Growth |
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3 tasks that go hand in hand to stabilize incidents |
Fire attack, search and rescue, ventilation |
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When rescuing a victim the heel of the ladder is placed |
Below window sill |
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At beginning of shift ensure the SCBA is ___ full |
90% |
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The closed circuit rebreather apparatus uses ______ in it's operation |
Oxygen |
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Most common danger firefighter faces |
Driving the apparatus to and from calls |
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All radio communication must follow |
FCC regulations |
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Vapor with density less than 1 will |
Rise |
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Switch from pressure to volume operation when |
It is expected that more than half of the rated capacity will be required |
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Combustion is a ________ reaction |
Chemical |
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Facepiece nosecup |
Prevents fogging |
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Water weighs |
8.5 lbs |
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A _____ valve is uses to relieve pressure in hoselines after gate valves are closed |
Drain |
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The ops section establish |
Groups, divisions, and branches |
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Oxygen defficient atmospheres are below |
19.5% |
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TRACEM |
Thermal Radiation Asphyxiation Corrosion Etiological Psychological |