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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sterilization |
Destruction or viable organisms, including endospores, most toxic method |
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Disinfection |
Killing, inhibition or removal of pathogenic organisms inanimate objects, 2nd most toxic method |
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Antisepsis |
prevention of infection of living tissue by microorganisms, can't kill everything because it is on a living organism |
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sanitization |
reduce to level deemed to be safe, 3rd most toxic |
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antimicrobial |
kill "tidal" or inhibit "static cell growth |
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chemotherapy |
chemicals to kill or inhibit growth of microorganism within host tissue |
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mechanical removal method |
filtration |
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physical removal method |
heating. boiling doesn't kill endospores, time is important. Autoclave is a giant pressure cooker 121, for 15 mins. refrigeration at -80 halts growth but doesn't kill |
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Phenolics |
denature membrane, tuberculocidal, corrosive, skin irritation |
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alcohol |
denatures protein, dissolve membrane lipid, non-sporical, not effective on some viruses |
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Halogen |
Any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine; oxidizing cell constituents |
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Cationic |
ex. quat, chlorhexidne, binding to bacteria,m |
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Aldehyde |
sporicidal |
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Gas that can sterilize |
ethylene oxide, sporadical |
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liquids that can sterilize |
Glutaraldehyde, stabilized hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde + alcohol, formaldehyde, aqueous |
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Which can sterilize (greater then or equal to 12 log reduction of vegetative bacterial cells) |
autoclave, filtration, dry oven, ethylene oxide, gamma radiation, glutaradehyde |
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Phenol coefficient |
[phenol] required to kill the microbe in 10 min divided by [test compound] phenol is 1, higher # is more effective |
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Mode of action: inhibits cell wall synthesis |
penicillin inhibit transpeptidation enzymes in crosslinking PTG chains |
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Mode of action: inhibit protein synthesis |
aminoglycosides binds to 30s ribosomal subunit |
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Mode of action: damage membrane integrity |
polymyxin B |
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Mode of action: inhibit nucleic acid synthesis |
quinolone inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase II |
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Mode of action: metabolic antagonist |
sulfonamide inhibits folic acid synthesis |
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catabolism |
energy conserving reactions, generate precursors for biosynthesis |
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anabolism |
synthesis of complex organic molecules from simpler ones. requires energy and reducing power. e- carrier(often NADH reduced NAD+ oxidized) |
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heterotrophy energy source, e- source, c source |
organic chemicals |
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lithotrophy energy source, e- source, c source |
inorganic chemicals |
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photography energy source, e- source, c source |
light, varies, varies |
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Embden-Meyerhof Pathway |
Glycolysis, glucose to pyruvate. NAD+ accepts electrons |
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Entner-Doudoroff pathway |
like EMP but has HADP+ as electron acceptor, used by some soil bacteria but not eukaryotes. get 1 net ATP |
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Pentose Phosphate Pathway |
-oxidize glucose, generate metabolic precursor, helps produce NADPH, both catabolism and metabolism used |
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TCA cycle |
2 co2 released, 3 NADH for ETC, 1 FADH2 for ETC, 1 GTP to do work |