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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A force that directs, energizes and sustains behavior |
motivation |
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Name the three ways that motivation effects behavior |
Direction Intensity Persistence |
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What is direction? |
influences the choices that we make |
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What is intensity? |
how much effort you're willing to put towards the end goal/outcome |
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What is persistence? |
how long you're going to put forth effort towards the end goal |
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What are the three needs/motivating factors identified by McClelland's theory of needs? |
Need for achievement, power, affiliation |
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What early theory uses motivators and hygiene factors to explain worker satisfaction and motivation? |
Two factor theory |
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Use self-determination theory to explain WHY extrinsic rewards (like monetary bonuses) hurt intrinsic motivation? |
People prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation |
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What is the premise of goal-setting theory? |
Behavior is motivated by conscious choices |
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What are three goal characteristics that can enhance goal commitment? |
Self-set, publicized, based on a person's ability |
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What are two person characteristics that can enhance goal commitment? |
Internal locus of control Self-efficacy |
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Self-set, publicized, based on a person's ability (1) |
less commitment to a goal someone else made |
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Internal locus of control (2) |
you're the captain of your ship more committed to goals you made |
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Self-efficacy (2) |
Belief you can achieve something Think you can do it so you want to do it |
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Name the three cognitions that affect goal choice and motivation in expectancy theory. |
Valence Instrumentality Expectancy |
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What is valence? |
the value of the outcome that you are working towards |
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What is instrumentality? |
perceiving whether there is a strong connection between performing and receiving the outcome |
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What is expectancy? |
how capable you are of doing the things that would need this outcome |
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What are the two forms of self-regulation? |
Promotion Focus and prevention focus |
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What is promotion focus? |
approach matches to goal |
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What is prevention focus? |
avoid mismatches to goal |
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What is positive reinforcement? |
once you do what i want you to do, you get something cool |
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What is negative reinforcement? |
Once you do what I want you to do, the bad thing goes away |
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Reinforcement...
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strengthens a behavior |
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Punishment... |
weakens a behavior |
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"Behavior is a function of its consequences" is the premise of what motivation theory? |
reinforcement theory |
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How does expectancy theory complement goal-setting theory? |
Explains why a person chose a goal to begin with |
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"People are motivated to achieve fairness" is the premise of what theory? |
equity theory |
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According to equity theory, how do we determine equity? |
We compare our ratio of outcomes/inputs relative to others |
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What are 5 possible reactions to perceiving inequity? |
Change inputs Change outcomes Distort perceptions of self or others Choose different referent Leave the field |
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What three forms of perceived justice did we cover? |
Distributive, procedural, interactional |
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"Jobs can be designed to enhance motivation" is the premise of what model? |
Job Characteristics Model |
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Which JCM job characteristic leads to the critical psychological state of "experienced responsibility"? |
autonomy |
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Name the three JCM job characteristics that lead to "experienced meaningfulness". |
Skill variety Task identity Task significance |
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Skill variety... |
the extent to which you are able to use a variety of skills in your job |
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Task identity... |
feeling like you are able to complete a whole identifiable piece of work |
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Task significance... |
the extent to which you feel that your work impacts other people |
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Adding challenges or responsibilities to a job is called what? |
Job enrichment |
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What three alternative work arrangements did we discuss? |
Flextime Job sharing Telecommuting |
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What is piece-rate pay?
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if there is a quantifiable output to your work, you could be paid a set amount per widget produced. |
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What is merit-based pay? |
based on performance appraisal ratings |
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What is a team/workgroup? |
Two or more independent individuals working for a common goal objective |
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Why are groups important psychologically? |
Groups establish our social identity (how we define who we are and where we fit in with others) |
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What is Schadenfreude? |
Finding some kind of delight in seeing the out group fail or do poorly |
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What is role conflict? |
you have one or more roles in a given group that could be somewhat in opposition to each other |
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What is interrole conflict? |
you have roles in different groups that compete with each other |
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What are norms? |
acceptable standards of behavior shared by group members |
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Why are norms important for both individuals and groups? |
Norms facilitate conformity. Norms create group/organizational culture |
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What are two benefits for group decision-making? |
More accurate decisions Higher creativity |
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Name two downsides for group decision making. |
More time consuming Groupthink |
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What is social loafing? |
The tendency of individuals to withhold effort in group settings |
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What are two factors that make social loafing more likely to occur in groups? |
Diffusion of responsibility Inability to identify individual contributions |
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What do you call a team that works together remotely via technology? |
virtual teams |
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Name the four types of interdependence in order form least interdependent to more interdependent |
Pooled/additive Sequential Reciprocal Intensive |
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What is pooled/additive? |
individuals might go out and do stuff on their own, but eventually it is pooled together |
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What is sequential? |
work comes in at a specified point and it cycles through the team members in a predictable fashion |
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What is reciprocal? |
work comes into the team and it goes back and forth between the team members in a predictable fashion (not just one direction) |
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What is intensive? |
roles might be a little more interchangeable; more based on what's happening in our context |
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Team members' desire to remain together as a team is called what? |
Team viability |
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Name two team inputs relating to team context |
Resources and climate of trust |
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Name two team inputs relating to team composition |
Team size and team member capabilities |
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What does IPOI stand for? |
Inputs Processes Outputs Inputs |
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Inputs: |
team composition |
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Processes: |
team efficacy |
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Outputs |
performance |
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A team's confidence in its ability to perform its tasks is called what? |
team efficacy |