Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Father of Genetics |
Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) |
|
Factor |
Inherited unit which were named byMendel and are called genes now |
|
Allele
|
alternative form of a gene
|
|
Crossing -Over |
Exchange of Genetic material between the non-sister chromatids of a homologous chromosomes |
|
Cistron |
Functional unit of DNA |
|
Recon |
Unit of Recombination |
|
Muton |
Unit of Mutation |
|
Phenotype |
This is the "outward, physical manifestation" of the organism.
|
|
Genotype |
This is the "internally coded, inheritable information" carried by all living organisms. This stored information is used as a "blueprint" or set of instructions for building and maintaining a living creature.
|
|
Wildtype
|
This is known as the standard to which all other mutations are compared
|
|
Hetrozygous |
Two different Alleles of genes |
|
Homologous |
Two copies of genes are identical |
|
Multiple allele |
Involves more than just the typical two alleles that usually code for a certain characteristic in a species. There is more than two phenotypes available eg ABO Blood group system |
|
Pseudoalleles |
Functionally related and Closley linked genes |
|
Back Cross |
Cross between F 1 and one of the Parent |
|
Test Cross |
Cross between F 1 and Recessive Parent |
|
Complementation Test OR Cis Trans Test |
Determines two mutations in same gene or Different Cis - same Homology Trans - On Separate Homology eg - sex linked genes for eye color in Drasophila |
|
Threshold effect
|
normal phenotypic expression occurs anytime a certain level of gene product is attained
|
|
Incomplete Dominance |
When neither of alleles are dominant |
|
Supplementary gene interaction |
second dominant genes express itself when supplemented by other dominant gene of a pair |
|
Epistasis |
Masking effect of one dominant gene by other eg Fruit color in squash |
|
Polymerism OR Additive Factor |
When Dominant form of both genes are present , then it produces double effect Eg Color of Wheat |
|
Duplicate factor |
Ressisive forms when together produce different Phenotype Eg Awned and Awneless rice |
|
Inhibitory factor |
One dominance gene inhibits or suppress expression of dominant gene eg Plumage color in Poultry |
|
Pleiotropy
|
It is the Phenomenon in which one gene affects multiple , apparently ,unrelated , Phenotypes |
|
Genomic Imprinting |
Differential inheritance of genetic material from the mother versus the Father Eg : Prader- Willi Syndrome, Anglemam Syndrome |
|
Penetrance |
Percentage of individuals with given genotypes who exhibits the phenotype associated with that genotype |
|
Expressivity |
Measures the extent to which a genotype is expressed at phenotypic level |
|
Variable Expressivity
|
When a trait is not manifested uniformly among the individuals that show it.
Example : Drosophila's Lobe mutation- Dominant mutation- Phenotype is extremely variable |
|
Phenocopy |
Term given to individuals whose Phenotype under a particular environmental condition becomes identical to one of another individual whose phenotype is determined by genotype |
|
Genetic anticipating
|
Increase of expression through generations
|