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241 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hypercalcemia
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Excessive calcium in the bloodstream
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Decalcification
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Removal of calcium from bones
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Kyphosis
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Abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebrae
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Laminectomy
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Removal of a lamina to relieve the symptoms of a ruptured intervertebral disc
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Lordosis
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Abnormal anterior curvature of the backbones in the lumbar region
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Lumbar
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Pertaining to the loins or lower back (near the waist) region
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Lumbosacral
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Pertaining to the lower back and the sacrum
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Myelopoiesis
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Formation of bone marrow
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Orthopedics
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The specialty of medicine dealing with bones and bone diseases (orth/o=straightened; ped/o=children)
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Osteitis
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Inflammation of bones
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Osteodystrophy
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Poor development of bones
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Osteogenesis
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Formation of bone
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Scoliosis
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Abnormal condition of lateral curvature of the spine
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Spondylosis
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Abnormal condition of vertebrae
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Vertebral
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Pertaining to a vertebrae
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Osteoblast
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Immature bone cell
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Osteoclast
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Large cell found in the bone marrow of growing bones; absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue
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Spondylolisthesis
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Forward displacement of a vertebrae over a lower segment
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Osteomalacia
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Softening of bone
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Epiphysis
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End of a long bone
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Pubic symphysis
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Junction of the pubic bones on the midline in front of the body
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Osteoporosis
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Condition of increased porosity of bone with loss of bony tissue and decrease in bone mass
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Osteotome
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Instrument to cut bone
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Acetabular
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Pertaining to the acetabulum (hip socket)
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Calcaneal
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Pertaining to the calcaneus (heel bone)
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Carpals
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Pertaining to the wrist bones
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Supraclavicular
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Pertaining to above the collar bone
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Subcostal
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Pertaining to below the ribs
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Chondrocostal
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Pertaining to the cartilage attached to the ribs
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Craniotomy
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Incision of the skull
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Craniotome
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Instrument to cut the skull
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Femoral
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Pertaining to the thigh bone (femur)
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Fibular
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Pertaining to the smaller of the two lower leg bones (fibula)
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Humeral
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Pertaining to the upper arm bone (humerus)
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Iliac
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Pertaining to the ilium (upper portion of the hip bone)
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Ischial
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Pertaining to the ischium (lower and posterior part of the hip bone)
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Malleolar
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Pertaining to the malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)
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Mandibular
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Pertaining to the lower jaw bone
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Maxillary
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Pertaining to the upper jaw bone
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Metacarpectomy
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Removal of hand bones
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Metatarsalgia
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Pain in the foot bones
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Olecranal
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Pertaining to the elbow
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Patellar
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Pertaining to below the kneecap
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Pelvimetry
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Measurement of the proportions of the pelvic bone (before childbirth)
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Peroneal
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Pertaining to the fibula
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Phalangeal
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Pertaining to the finger or toe bones
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Pubic
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Pertaining to the pubis (anterior portion of the hip bone)
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Radial
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Pertaining to the lateral lower arm bone
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Scapular
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Pertaining to the shoulder bone
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Sternal
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Pertaining to the breast bone
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Tarsectomy
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Removal of ankle bones
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Tibial
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Pertaining to the tibia, the larger and inner of the two lower leg bones
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Ulnar
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Pertaining to the medial lower arm bone
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Ankylosis
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Abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint
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Arthroplasty
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Surgical repair of a joint
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Arthrotomy
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Incision of a joint
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Hemarthrosis
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Abnormal condition of blood in a joint
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Hydrarthrosis
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Abnormal accumulation of fluid in a joint
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Polyarthritis
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Inflammation of many joints
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Articular cartilage
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The cartilage surrounding the bones in a joint
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Bursitis
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Inflammation of a bursa
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Achondroplasia
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Improper cartilage formation in development of bones (leads to a type of dwarfism)
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Chondroma
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Tumor (benign) of cartilage
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Chondromalacia
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Abnormal softening of cartilage
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Ligamentous
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Pertaining to a ligament
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Rheumatologist
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Specialist in treatment of joint disorders
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Synovitis
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Inflammation of synovial membrane
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Tenorrhaphy
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Suture of a tendon
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Tendinitis
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Inflammation of a tendon (tendonitis)
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Arthrodesis
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Binding together (surgical fusion) of a joint
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Spinal stenosis
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Narrowing of the neural canal or nerve root canals in the lumbar spine
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Fasciectomy
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Removal of fascia
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Fibromyalgia
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Pain of fibrous connective tissue and muscle
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Leiomyoma
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Tumor (benign) of a smooth muscle
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Leiomyosarcoma
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Tumor (malignant) of smooth muscle
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Myalgia
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Pain of a muscle
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Electromyography
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Process of recording the electricity in the muscle
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Myopathy
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Disease of muscles
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Myocardial
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Pertaining to heart muscle
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Myositis
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Inflammation of muscle
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Plantar flexion
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Bending downward of the sole of the foot
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Rhabdomyoma
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Tumor (benign) of a skeletal muscle
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Rhabdomyosarcoma
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Tumor (malignant) of skeletal muscle
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Myasthenia gravis
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Condition of muscle weakness caused by a failure in transmission of nervous impulses from a nerve to muscle cell
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Atrophy
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Decrease in size of a normally developed organ or tissue; wasting of tissue
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Hypertrophy
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Excessive development (increase in cell size)
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Amyotrophic
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Pertaining to loss of muscle development (in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, muscles can't move because of degeneration of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord)
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Abduction
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Process of carrying away (muscle is pulled away from the midline of the body)
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Adduction
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Process of carrying toward (muscle is pulled toward the midline of the body)
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Dorsiflexion
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Bending of the foot backward and upward
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Polymyalgia
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Pain of many muscles
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Adipose
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Pertaining to fat
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Albinism
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Condition of no pigment in skin, hair, and eyes (white skin)
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Causalgia
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Intense burning sensation in the skin (due to nerve damage)
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Electrocautery
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Wire used during surgery to burn through tissue
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Subcutaneous
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Pertaining to beneath the skin
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Epidermis
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Outermost layer of skin
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Dermatitis
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Inflammation of skin
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Dermatoplasty
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Surgical repair of the skin
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Dermatologist
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Specialist in diseases of the skin
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Dermabrasion
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A surgical procedure to remove acne scars, tattoos and fine wrinkles. Skin is scraped away; sandpaper or mechanical methods are used on frozen skin
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Epidermolysis
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Loosening of the skin
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Diaphoresis
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Condition of profuse sweating
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Erythema
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Condition of redness of the skin (flushing)
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Anhidrosis
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Condition of lack of sweat
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Ichthyosis
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Abnormal condition of dry, scaly skin
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Keratosis
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Abnormal condition of thickened areas of the skin (horny cells accumulate)
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Leukoplakia
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Condition of white plaques on the skin
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Lipoma
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Tumor (benign) of fat tissue
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Liposuction
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Removal of subcutaneous fat tissue with a blunt-tipped cannula (tube) through which suction (aspiration) is applied
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Melanocyte
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Cell that forms melanin and is found in the epidermis of the skin
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Melanoma
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Tumor (malignant) of melanocytes
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Mycosis
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Any disease caused by fungus
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Onycholysis
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Separation of nail plate from the nail bed in fungal infections or after trauma
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Onychomycosis
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Abnormal condition of fungal infection of nails
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Paronychia
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Condition of inflammation and swelling (infection) of the tissue around the nail
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Dermatophytosis
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Abnormal condition of fungus (plant) infection in the skin
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Pilosebaceous
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Pertaining to a sebaceous gland and hair
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Pyoderma
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Condition of pus infection within the skin
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Rhytidectomy
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Removal of wrinkles
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Seborrhea
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"Flow of sebum"; disturbance of sebaceous glands marked by increase in the flow of sebum
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Squamous Epithelium
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Pertaining to scale-like cells that cover the outside of the body (epidermis) and line the inner tubes of the body
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Steatoma
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Mass, tumor arising from sebaceous glands; sebaceous cyst
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Trichomycosis
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Disease of the hair due to a fungal infection
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Subungual
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Pertaining to under a nail
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Xanthoma
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Flat, slightly elevated, rounded plaque or nodule usually found on the eyelids
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Xeroderma
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Abnormal condition of dry, rough skin
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Aqueous humor
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Watery fluid that circulates through the posterior and anterior chambers of the eye
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Blepharitis
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Inflammation of an eyelid
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Blepharotosis
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Prolapse (sagging) of an eyelid
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Conjunctivitis
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Inflammation of the conjunctiva
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Anisocoria
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Pupils are of unequal size
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Corneal abrasion
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Defect in the surface of the cornea
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Cycloplegic
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Pertaining to paralysis of the ciliary muscle (causing paralysis of accommodation)
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Dacryoadenitis
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Inflammation of a lacrimal (tear) gland
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Iritis
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Inflammation of the iris
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Iridic
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Pertaining to the iris
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Iridectomy
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Removal of (a portion) of the iris
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Keratitis
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Inflammation of the cornea
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Lacrimal
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Pertaining to tears
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Lacrimation
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The process of forming tears
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Intraocular
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Pertaining to within the eye
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Ophthalmologist
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One who specializes in the study of the eye, its disorders and treatment
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Ophthalmic
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Pertaining to the eye
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Ophthalmoplegia
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Paralysis of the eye (muscles)
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Optic
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Pertaining to the eye or to vision
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Optometrist
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One who "measures" (examines) and prescribes lenses
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Optician
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One who grinds lenses and fits glasses
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Palpebral
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Pertaining to the eyelid
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Papilledema
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Swelling of the optic disc (associated with increased intracranial pressure) and hyperemia (increased blood flow)
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Phacoemulsification
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Technique of cataract extraction using high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations to remove the clouded lens
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Aphakia
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Absence of the lens of the eye
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Pupillary
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Pertaining to the pupil
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Retinitis
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Inflammation of the retina
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Hypertensive retinopathy
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Disease of the retina associated with (secondary to) high blood pressure
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Corneoscleral
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Pertaining to the cornea and scleral layers of the eye
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Scleritis
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Inflammation of the sclera
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Uveitis
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Inflammation of the urea (vascular layer of the eye)
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Vitreous humor
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Clear, watery fluid filling the jelly-like mass (vitreous body) that fills the cavity of the eyeball
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Amblyopia
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Dullness of vision (can be caused by poor nutrition, trauma to the eye, or suppression of vision in one eye to avoid diplopia)
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Diplopia
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Double vision (the perception of two images of a single object)
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Glaucoma
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Disease of the eye marked by increased intraocular pressure
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Miosis
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Condition of contraction of the pupils
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Mydriasis
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Condition of enlargement of the pupils
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Nyctalopia
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Condition of night blindness
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Photophobia
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Condition of sensitivity to light
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Presbyopia
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Condition of defective vision with advancing age; loss of accommodation
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Scotoma
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Area of depressed vision surrounded by area of normal vision (blind spot)
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Xerophthalmia
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Condition of dry eyes
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Hyperopia
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Farsightedness
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Hemianopsia
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Condition of absence of vision in half of a visual field
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Esotropia
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Condition of which the eyes turn inward
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Acoustic
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Pertaining to hearing or sound
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Audiogram
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Record of hearing as taken by an audiometer
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Auditory
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Pertaining to hearing
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Aural
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Pertaining to the ear
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Postauricular
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Pertaining to behind the ear
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Cochlear
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Pertaining to the cochlea (spiral-shaped tube in the inner ear)
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Mastoiditis
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Inflammation of the mastoid process (behind the ear)
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Myringotomy
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Incision of the eardrum
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Myringitis
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Inflammation of the eardrum
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Ossiculoplasty
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Surgical repair of a middle ear bone
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Otic
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Pertaining to the ear
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Otomycosis
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Abnormal condition of a fungal infection in the ear
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Otopyorrhea
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Discharge of pus from the ear
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Otolaryngologist
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Specialist in the ear and larynx (upper respiratory region)
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Salpingopharyngeal
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Pertaining to the eustachian tube and the throat
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Stapedectomy
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Removal of the stapes bone (middle ear bone)
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Tympanoplasty
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Surgical repair of the eardrum
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Vestibulocochlear
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Pertaining to the vestibule and cochlea of the inner ear; this is the 8th cranial nerve (acoustic nerve)
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Hyperacusis
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Abnormally acute sensitivity to sounds
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Presbycusis
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Progressive, bilateral hearing loss occurring with age
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Audiometer
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Instrument to measure the sharpness of hearing
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Macrotia
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Condition of large ears
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Microtia
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Condition of small ears
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Adenectomy
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Removal of a gland
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Adrenopathy
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Disease of adrenal glands
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Adrenalectomy
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Removal of an adrenal gland
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Gonadotropin
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Hormone that is secreted from the pituitary gland and acts on the gonads (ovaries and testes)
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Hypogonadism
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Condition of decreased function of the gonads, with decreased growth and sexual development
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Pancreatectomy
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Removal of the pancreas
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Parathyroidectomy
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Removal of the parathyroid glands
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Hypopituitarism
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Condition resulting from decreased secretion by the pituitary gland
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Thyroidtropic hormone
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Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that acts on the thyroid gland (TSH or thyroid-stimulating hormone)
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Thyroiditis
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Inflammation of the thyroid gland
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Androgen
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Hormone producing or stimulating male characteristcs
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Hypercalcemia
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Increased calcium in the blood
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Hypercalciuria
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High levels of calcium in urine
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Hypocalcemia
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Decreased calcium in the blood
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Corticosteroid
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Any of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
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Endocrinologist
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Specialist in diagnosis and treatment of endocrine gland disorders
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Polydipsia
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Condition of excessive thirst
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Estrogenic
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Pertaining to having properties similar to estrogen (producing estrogen-like effects)
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Glucagon
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Hormone from the pancreas that causes sugar to be released into the bloodstream when blood sugar levels are low
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Hyperglycemia
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Blood condition of increased sugar
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Glycemic
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Pertains to sugar in the blood
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Glycogen
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An animal starch; produced from sugar by the liver
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Homeostasis
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State of equilibrium (constancy) of the body's internal environment
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Hormonal
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Pertaining to hormones
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Hypokalemia
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Low levels of potassium in the blood
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Prolactin
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Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that promotes the growth of breast tissue and stimulates milk production
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Myxedema
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Condition of mucous-like swelling of the face and soft tissues; due to hypo secretion of the thyroid gland in adults
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Hyponatremia
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Blood condition of deficiency in sodium
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Hypophysectomy
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Removal of the pituitary gland
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Somatotropin
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Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and tissues (growth hormone)
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Steroid
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An organic (containing carbon) compound with a ring structure; bile acids, vitamin D, certain hormones
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Oxytocin
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Hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates childbirth
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Thyrotoxicosis
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Condition of increased secretion from the thyroid gland with symptoms such as sweating, rapid pulse, tremors, and exophthalmos
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Antidiuretic hormone
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Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; causes water to be retained in the body
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Glucagon
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Hormone from the pancreas that "assembles" sugar from starch and increases blood sugar when it is low
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Hypoglycemia
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Low levels of sugar in blood
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Epinephrine
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Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; raises blood pressure
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Adrenocorticotropin
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Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones
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Glycosuria
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Condition of sugar in the urine
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Euthyroid
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Normal thyroid function
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Hyperkalemia
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High levels of potassium in blood
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Hypoinsulinism
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Low levels of insulin
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Oxytocin
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Hormone from the neurohypophysis that stimulates childbirth
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Panhypopituitarism
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Condition of deficient secretion of all hormones from the pituitary gland
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Tetraiodothryonine
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Thyroid gland hormone containing 4 atoms of iodine; thryoxine
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Triiodothryonine
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Thyroid gland hormone containing 3 atoms of iodine
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