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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
kidneys |
two bean-shaped organs that remove waste products from the blood |
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nephron |
Urine-producing microscopic structure. |
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glomerulus (pl. glomeruli) |
Clusters of capillaries in the kidney where the urine begins to form |
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renal pelvis |
Funnel-shaped reservoir that collects that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter |
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hilum |
Indentation on the medial side of the kidney wear the renal artery, bang, and pelvis are located and the ureter leaves the kidney. |
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ureters |
carries urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder |
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urinary bladder |
muscular, hollow organ that stores urine |
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urethra |
carries urine from the bladder to the urinary meatus |
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urinary meatus |
outside opening through which the urine passes |
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Combining Forms of the Urinary System cyst/o, vesic/o (Note: These refer to the urinary bladder unless otherwise identified.) |
bladder/sac |
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glomerul/o |
glomerulus |
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meat/o |
meatus (opening) |
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nephr/o, ren/o |
kidney |
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pyel/o |
renal pelvis |
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ureter/o |
ureter |
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urethr/o |
urethra |
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Combining Forms Commonly Used with Urinary System Terms albumin/o |
albumin |
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azot/o |
urea, nitrogen |
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blast/o |
developing cell, germ cell |
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glyc/o, glycos/o |
sugar |
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hydr/o |
water |
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lith/o |
stone, calculus |
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noct/I (Note: the combining form is i.) |
night |
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olig/o |
scanty, few |
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urin/o, ur/o |
urine, urinary tract |
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Suffixes -iasis, -esis |
condition |
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-lysis |
loosening, dissolution, separating |
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-ptosis |
drooping, sagging, prolapse |
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-rrhaphy |
suturing, repair |
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-tripsy |
surgical crushing |
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-trophy |
nourishment, development |
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-uria |
urine, urination |
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Disease and Disorder Terms azotemia |
urea in the blood; urimea |
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cystitis |
inflammation of the bladder |
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cystocele |
protrusion of the bladder |
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cystolith |
stone(s) in the bladder |
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glomerulonephritis |
inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney |
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hydronephrosis |
abnormal condition of water in the kidney |
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nephritis |
inflammation of the kidney |
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nephroblastoma |
kidney tumor containing developing (germ) cells; Wilms tumor |
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nephrohypertrophy (Note: the prefix hyper- appears in the middle of this term) |
excessive development (increase in size) of the kidney |
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nephrolithiaisis |
condition of stone(s) in the kidney |
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nephroma |
tumor of the kidney |
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nephromegaley |
enlargement of a kidney |
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nephroptosis |
drooping kidney |
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pyelitis |
inflammation of the renal pelvis |
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pyelonephritis |
inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney |
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ureteritis |
inflammation of a ureter |
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ureterocele |
protrusion of a ureter (distally into the bladder) |
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ureterolithiasis |
condition of stone(s) in the ureter |
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ureterostenosis |
narrowing of the ureter |
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urethrocystitis |
inflammation of the urethra and bladder |
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epispadias |
urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis |
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hypospadias |
urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis |
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polycystic kidney disease |
condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged |
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renal calculus (pl. calculi) |
stone in the kidney |
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renal failure |
loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance |
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renal hypertension |
elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease |
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urinary retention |
abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate |
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urinary suppression |
sudden stoppage of urine formation |
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urinary tract infection (UTI) |
infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract |
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Acute renal failure (ARF) |
is a sudden and severe reduction in renal function resulting in a collection of metabolic waste in the body. ARF may be caused by excessive bleeding, trauma, obstruction, adverse drug reactions, or severe infection. Prompt treatment can reverse the condition and recovery can occur. |
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) |
unlike ARF, is a progressive, irreversible, loss of renal function, and the onset of uremia. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and glomerulonephritis may cause CKD. Dialysis and kidney transplant are used in treating this disease, which was formerly referred to as chronic renal failure (CRF). |
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End-stage renal disease (ESRD) |
Is what chronic renal failure is called when kidney function is too poor to sustain life. |
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cystectomy
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excision of the bladder
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cystolithotomy
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incision into the bladder to remove stone(s)
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cystorrhaphy
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suturing the bladder
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cystostomy
|
creation of an artificial opening into the bladder
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cystotomy, visecotomy
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incision of the bladder
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lithotripsy
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surgical crushing of stone(s)
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meatotomy
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incision of the meatus (to enlarge it)
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nephrectomy
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excision of the kidney
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nephrolithotomy
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incision of the kidney to remove stone(s)
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nephrolithotripsy
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surgical crushing of stone(s) in the kidney
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nephrolysis
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separating the kidney (from other body structures)
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nephropexy
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surgical fixation of the kidney
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nephrostomy
|
creation of an artificial opening into the kidney
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pyelolithotomy
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incision into the renal pelvis to remove stone(s)
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pyeloplasty
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surgical repair of the renal pelvis
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ureterectomy
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excision of the ureter
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ureterostomy
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creation of an artificial opening into the ureter
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urethroplasty
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surgical repair of the urethra
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vesicourethral suspension
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suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra
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extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) |
noninvasive surgical procedure to crush stone(s) in the kidney or ureter by administration of elimination from the body in urine. (also called shock wave lithotripsy [SWL] |
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fulguration |
destruction of living tissue with an electric spark (a method commonly used to destroy bladder growths) |
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renal transplant |
surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function |
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Diagnostic Terms cystogram |
radiographic image of the bladder |
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cystography |
radiographic imaging of the bladder |
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intravenous urogram (IVU) |
radiographic image of the urinary tract |
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nephrography |
radiographic image of the kidney |
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nephrosonography |
process of recording the kidney using sound (ultrasonography) |
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nephrotomogram |
sectional radiographic image of the kidney |
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renogram |
radiographic record of the kidney; used to elevated kidney function; renal scan or nephrogram |
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retrograde urogram |
radiographic image of the urinary tract (with contrast medium instilled through a catheter in a direction opposite from normal.) |
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voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) |
radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra. |
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ENDOSCOPY cystoscope |
instrument used for visual examination of the bladder. |
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cystoscopy |
visual examination of the bladder |
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nephroscopy |
visual examination of the kidney |
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ureteroscopy |
visual examination of the ureter |
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urethroscope |
instrument used for visual examination of the urethra |
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Diagnostic Terms KUB (kidney, ureter, and bladder) |
simple radiographic image of the kidneys, ureter, and bladder; flat plate of the abdomen |
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blood urea nitrogen (BUN) |
blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood. |
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creatinine |
blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood. |
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specific gravity (SG) |
test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys |
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urinalysis (UA) |
multiple routine tests performed on a urine sample. |
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Complemented Terms albuminuria |
albumin in the urine |
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anuria |
absence of urine |
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diuresis |
condition of urine passing through (increased excretion of urine) |
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dysuria |
difficult or painful urination |
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glycosuria |
sugar (glucose) in the urine |
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hematuria |
blood in the urine |
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meatal |
pertaining to the meatus |
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nephrologist |
physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney |
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nephrology |
study of the kidney |
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nocturia |
night urination |
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oliguria |
scanty urine (amount) |
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polyuria |
much (excessive) urine |
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pyuria |
pus in the urine |
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urinary |
pertaining to the urine |
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urologist |
physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract |
|
urology |
study of the urinary tract |