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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Microglossia – usually associated with = 2ct
aka = |
micrognathia and limb defects
Hanhart syndrome |
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micrognathia =
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underdeveloped mandible and recession of the chin
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Stomodeum an invagination of the surface =
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ectoderm of the embryo
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stomodeum is a depression between =
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the brain and the pericardium in an embryo, and is the precursor of the
= |
mouth
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. |
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The five facial primordia that appear as prominences around the stomodeum are:
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The single frontonasal prominence(FNP)
The paired maxillary prominences The paired mandibular prominences |
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Development of Face
facial primordia appear early in the __ week around the primordium stomodeum. |
4th wk
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what is the source for almost all connective tissues in the face =
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Neural crest
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Facial development occurs mainly between the ___ & ___
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4-8 wks
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__ & __ are the first parts of the face to form
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The lower jaw
lower lip |
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Mesenchyme in the margins of the placodes proliferates, producing horseshoe shaped elevations - the
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medial and lateral
nasal prominences. + |
Nasal placodes bilateral oval thickenings of the surface ectoderm
They developed on the inferolateral parts of the FNP. Mesenchyme of the placodes proliferate and produce medial and lateral nasal prominences |
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By the end of the __ week, each maxillary prominence begins to merge with the lateral nasal prominence along the line of the nasolacrimal groove
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6th wk
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By the end of the __week, the primordia of the auricles of the ears begins to develop
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5th wk
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Six auricular hillocks (mesenchymal swellings) form around the first pharyngeal groove which form the
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external ear.
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external ear comes from 6
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auricular hillocks
which are from = |
mesenchymal swellings
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As the medial nasal prominences merge, they form the =
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intermaxillary segment.
which weeks __-__? |
7th - 10th
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Between the weeks, the medial nasal prominences merge with each other and with the _____ & ______ prominences and form an intermaxillary segment.
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7th, 10th
maxillary and lateral nasal |
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intermaxillary segment gives rise to:
4ct |
The middle part or philtrum of the upper lip
Nasal septum The premaxillary part of the maxilla and its associated gingiva (gum) The primary palate |
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name the structers contributing to the face.
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The palate is essentially the roof of the mouth.
2 parts: |
Hard and soft palate
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soft palate
muscular tissue that is covered by epithelial tissue |
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Uvula functions to keep food from straying down the breathing passage during swallowing.
info |
The front portion of the palate is made up of bone ______ & _______
covered with a mucous membrane. |
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one of every 2500 babies. This condition, called cleft palate
.Its cause is still unresolved. A combination of inherited traits and some environmental factors in the mother's womb are suspected of causing the abnormality. |
.critical period of palate development is from the end of the
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6th wk - 9th wk
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Primary palate – also known as
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medial palatine process
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medial palatine process - begins to develop from the deep part of the
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intermaxillary segment
of the maxilla |
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The primary palate forms the
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premaxillary part of the maxilla
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The secondary palate is the primordium of the
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hard and soft parts of the palate
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Secondary Palate
Develops from two mesenchymal projections called the |
lateral palatine processes
or palatal shelves |
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.Nasal septum
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.Downgrowth of medial nasal prominence
(Fusion with lateral palatine processes starts anteriorly, then moves back) |
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Hard palate:
2 areas |
premaxillary and maxillary
Primary palate: premaxilla Lateral palatine processes: maxilla |
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Soft palate and Uvula
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Unossified portion of lateral palatine processes
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The median palatine raphe indicates the line of =
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fusion of the lateral palatine processes
pic |
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The ____ ____ ____indicates the line of fusion of the lateral palatine processes
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median palatine raphe
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Cleft lip and cleft palate are related embryologically but are distinct entities.
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Cleft lip: 1 in
Cleft palate: 1 in |
750
2500 |
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There are two major groups of cleft lip and palate
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Clefts
upper lip and anterior part of the maxilla, with or without involvement of parts of remaining hard and soft regions . Clefts involving the hard and soft regions of the palate |
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unilaterally or bilaterally
which cleft lip anomoly is the most common congenital malformation of the head and neck |
unilateral
pic |
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Cleft Lip
Mechanism |
Hypoplasia in maxillary prominence leading to inadequate contact with medial nasal prominance & intermaxillary segment
Due to = |
Inadequate migration of neural crest cells
Apoptosis |
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►Unilateral cleft lip is the most common congenital malformation of the head and neck
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Cleft Palate
Mechanism |
Failure of lateral palatine
processes to fuse with each other, with the nasal septum, and/or with the posterior margin of the median palatine process. |
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Higher incidence of cleft palate in males/females?
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females
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Cleft palate has
multifactorial causes. It is classified as |
anterior
posterior anteroposterior |
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The anatomic
landmark that separates anterior from posterior cleft palate defects is the |
incisive
foramen. |
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Anterior cleft palate occurs when the
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palatine shelves
fail to fuse with the primary = |
palate.
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Posterior cleft palate occurs when the palatine
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shelves
fail to fuse with |
each other and with the nasal septum.
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Anteroposterior cleft palate occurs when there is a
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combination of both defects.
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Anterior cleft palate occurs when the palatine shelves fail
to fuse with the |
primary palate
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Posterior cleft palate occurs when the palatine shelves
fail to fuse with |
each other and with the nasal septum
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karyotype of female w Trisomy 13 aka =
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Patau Syn
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Fetal hydantoin syndrome
AKA: = is a group of defects caused to the developing fetus by exposure to the teratogenic effects of phenytoin or carbamazepine, commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy. |
fetal dilantin syndrome
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Fetal hydantoin syndrome (AKA: fetal dilantin syndrome:
caused to the developing fetus by exposure to the teratogenic effects of = |
phenytoin
carbamazepine |
treatment of epilepsy.
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Fetal hydantoin syndrome
Association with EPHX1 has been suggested. Epoxide hydrolase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EPHX1 gene |
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Fetal hydantoin syndrome
Discriminating Features: |
Short Palpreble fissures
Flat midface short nose Indistinct philtrum Thin Upper Lip |
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Fetal hydantoin syndrome
Associated Features: |
Epicanthal folds
low nasal bridge minor ear anomolies micrognathia micrognathia means what = |
small chin
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