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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Government where the power of the crown is unchecked. |
Absolute Monarchy
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Another name for the Age of Monarchs.
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Age of Absolutism.
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Strongest nation in Europe during the 1500s and early 1600s.
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Spain
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Was both the Holy Roman Emperor and the king of Spain.
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Charles V
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Dynasty of Charles V and Philip II.
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Hapsburg
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When Charles V divided his empire his son Phillip II became _________.
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King of Spain
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Strongest monarch during Spanish supremacy
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Philip II
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Philip II and other absolute monarchs believed they were kings by ________.
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Divine Right
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The idea that royal power is granted by God.
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Divine Right of Kings
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He used wealth (gold & silver) from colonies to build the largest and strongest army in Europe.
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Philip II
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Philip II saw Spain as the defender of the __________.
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Catholic Faith
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He involved Spain in wars against the enemies of Catholicism. (Protestants, Muslims etc.)
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Philip II
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Philip II attempted to force all non-Catholics to ________________.
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convert or leave Spain
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Was used as a reign of terror to extract all non-catholic elements from Spain.
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Spanish Inquisition
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This source of wealth enabled Spain to become the strongest nation in Europe.
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American Colonies
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Philip II sent it to invade England.
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Spanish Armada
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It's defeat in 1588 was the beginning of Spain's decline as the leading European power.
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Spanish Armada
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In the late 1500s, France was torn by religious conflict between ___________.
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Catholics & Huguenots
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French Protestant Calvinists
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Huguenots
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First Bourbon King
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Henry of Navarre/Henry IV
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Established the Edict Nantes
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Henry IV
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Gave French Protestants religious freedom in 1598.
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Edict of Nantes
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Real Ruler during the reign of Louis XIII
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Cardinal Richelieu
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Involved Catholic France in the 30 years war on the side of the protestants.
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Cardinal Richelieu
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Was triggered by a rebellion of Bohemian protestants.
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Thirty Years War
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Started over religion ended up over the balance of power.
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Thirty Years War
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Ended the 30 years war.
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Peace of Westphalia
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Made France the strongest country in Europe
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Peace of Westphalia
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Louis XIV Minister of Finance
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Colbert
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A tax on imports
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Protective tariff
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Sun King ruled France from 1643 to 1715.
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Louis XIV
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He weakened the power of the nobles by inviting them to live in Luxury in his palace.
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Louis XIV
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Strongest French Monarch
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Louis XIV
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In 1685 Louis XIV revoked the _______.
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Edict of Nantes
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Strongest nation in Europe during the 1600's
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France
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Small nations band together to keep a strong nation from dominating.
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Balance of Power
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War fought to Keep Louis XIV's grandson off the throne of Spain
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War of Spanish Succession
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Ended the War of Spanish Succession
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Treaty of Utrecht
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Broke French Treasury and military power
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War of Spanish Succession
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Prevented the alliance of France and Spain
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Treaty of Utrecht
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His policies brought France near financial ruin and created class conflict
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Louis XIV
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Philip II's English rival.
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Elizabeth I
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Ruled England from 1558 to 1603.
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Elizabeth I
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English captains that captured Spanish Treasure ships and defeated the Spanish Armada.
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Sea Dogs
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Ruled England from 1558 to 1603, last Tudor monarch.
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Elizabeth I
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First Stuart Monarch believed in the Divine Right of Kings.
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James I
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Those who believed in the Divine Right of Kings believed Monarchs were only answerable to ___.
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God
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Succeeded James I as King of England.
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Charles I
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His reign ended in England's civil war
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Charles I
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It was fought over who should rule England: Monarch or Parliament.
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English Civil War
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Those who supported Charles I in the English Civil War
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Cavaliers
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Those who supported Parliament in the English Civil War
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Roundheads
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Roundheads were mainly _____.(religion)
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Puritans
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Led parliament's army to victory in the English Civil War.
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Oliver Cromwell
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The English Parliament tried and executed _________.
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Charles I
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The House of Commons abolished monarchy and declared England a republic called the ____.
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commonwealth
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Cromwell drove out Parliament and set up a ________.
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military dictatorship
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Name for Cromwell's military dictatorship
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Protectorate
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Cromwell's dictatorship enforced a _______.
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Puritan moral Code
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Cromwell did not tolerate open worship for ___.
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Catholics
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Richard Cromwell succeeded his father as Lord Protector of England, but when England tired of strict Puritan ways he was deposed by a ___.
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Military coup
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He was invited by Parliament to come back from exile and become king.
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Charles II
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The return of Charles II as King of England
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Restoration
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Restoration date
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A.D. 1660
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The Restoration gave England a ______.
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Constitutional monarchy
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Catholic brother and successor to Charles II.
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James II
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English feared that James II would make Catholicism the _______.
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State Religion
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Name for the bloodless deposing of James II.
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Glorious Revolution
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William & Mary were given joint rule of England after the Glorious Revolution but they first had accept the ____.
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English Bill of Rights
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The English Bill of Rights made sure Parliament had more power than the ruler and established ________.
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limited monarchy
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Date of the Glorious Revolution
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AD 1688
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Was selected by leading German princes, from the leading German princes, but in reality did not have much power (at least not over the other German states).
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Holy Roman Emperor
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Allowed Maria Theresa to inherit the Throne of Austria
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Pragmatic Sanction
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Maria Theresa' dynasty.
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Hapsburg
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Dynasty that ruled Prussia during the Age of Monarchs.
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Hohenzollern
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Centralized Prussian Government. Made Prussian army the most efficient fighting force in Europe.
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Frederick William I
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Most powerful ruler in Prussian History
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Frederick II (the Great)
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He rejected the Pragmatic Sanction and started the war of Austrian Succession
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Frederick II (the Great)
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Maria Theresa keeps the throne of Austria, Austria loses Silesia.
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Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
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Starts as a struggle between Austria & Prussia becomes a struggle between England & France.
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Seven Years War
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Name of the Seven Years war in America
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French and Indian War
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In 1650 Russia was an isolated and _________.
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backward country
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Title of the Russian ruler.
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Czar
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Czar who worked to modernize/Westernize Russia
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Peter the Great
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Peter the Great was an ________.
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absolute monarch
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Peter fought the Swedes and the Turks to gain a ________.
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warm water port
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Peter the Great built the new capital of Russia_______.
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St. Petersburg
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She followed the lead of Peter the Great in embracing Western ideas and expanding Russia's borders.
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Catharine the Great
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Intellectual movement of the 17th & 18th centuries.
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Enlightenment
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The Enlightenment celebrated the powers of ______.
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Reason
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Enlightenment thinkers promoted religious ____________.
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toleration
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Enlightenment thinkers sough to construct government free of_____________.
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tyranny
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Enlightenment thinkers believed all problems could be solved with__________.
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reason
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The Enlightenment was prompted by the __________ (1500s & 1600s).
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Scientific Revolution
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Sun is the center of the Solar System.
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Heliocentric theory
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He developed the Heliocentric theory.
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Copernicus
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He developed a telescope and supported the Heliocentric theory.
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Galileo
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Probably more responsible for the development of scientific method than any other individual.
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Galileo Galilei
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Galileo was forced to recant by the ____________.
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Catholic Church
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Demonstrated that planets move in ellipses/ovals.
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Johannes Kepler
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His discoveries changed the view of the universe more than anyone else's
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Isaac Newton
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He laid the foundations for the scientific theories that subsequently revolutionized the world
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Isaac Newton
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Newton developed the theory of ____________.
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Gravity
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Newton discovered that the universe is governed by__________.
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natural laws
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Newton's discoveries led people to view the universe as _________.
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mechanical
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He developed Calculus.
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Isaac Newton
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Hobbes, Locke& Rousseau were all considered _________.
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social contract theorists
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Because Thomas Hobbes believed; governments were created to protect people from their own selfishness, he believed they _______..
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never had the right to revolt.
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Form of Government advocated by Thomas Hobbes.
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Absolute Monarchy
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He believed people had Natural Rights to life, liberty and property.
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John Locke
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John Locke believed the foundation of Government was a __________.
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Social Contract
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John Locke Believed that if people's natural rights were NOT protected, they had the_________.
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Right to revolt
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John Locke wrote in defense of the___________.
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Glorious Revolution
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French Thinkers of the enlightenment.
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Philosophes (not philosophers)
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Philosophe who campaigned against intolerance. (wrote Candide).
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Voltaire
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He combined enlightenment thinking into an Encyclopedia.
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Diderot
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Banned Diderot's Encyclopedia.
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Catholic Church
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Diderot was _________ for his writings in the Encyclopedia.
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imprisoned
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Advocated a free market economy in the Wealth of Nations.
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Adam Smith
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Name for complete free market economy (leave it alone).
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Laissez faire
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He believed the best way to protect people's liberties was by separating the power of government into legislative, executive and judicial branches.
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Montesquieu
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Criticized the enlightenment's excessive emphasis on reason, he believed people needed to rely more on emotion and instinct.
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Rousseau
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Meetings for the discussion of ideas.
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Salons
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He believed you should set aside traditional beliefs and rely on observation and experiment. Early proponent of the scientific method.
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Francis Bacon
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He believed you should doubt everything which cannot be proved, and in the search for truth you should start NOT with faith but with doubt.
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Rene Descartes
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The only thing Descartes found that he could not doubt was his ________.
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own existence
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"I think therefore I am."
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Rene Descartes
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Doubt and question all ideas.
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Skepticism
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A denial of the possibility of knowledge
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Skepticism
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Total skeptic.
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David Hume
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He denied that there was any logical basis for knowing that one thing caused another. Denied knowledge of cause & effect.
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David Hume
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He believed that reason could NOT be used to explain questions of metaphysics.
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Immanuel Kant
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Tries to answer ultimate and universal questions.
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Metaphysics
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Kant believed that things that cannot be perceived in ________ cannot be known.
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experience
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John Locke believed the mind to be a __________.
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Tabula rasa(blank slate)
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Religion based on reason and natural law, the Enlightenment's religion.
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Deism
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Belief that God started the universe like a perfect clock and then left it alone.
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Deism
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Some people reacted to the Enlightenment and did not believe that _________ could explain the universe.
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reason alone
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Monarchs who used their power to bring about positive political and social changes.
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Enlightened Despots
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When Britain tried to tighten its control over the colonies after the French and Indian War, the colonies _____.
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reacted
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Because the American colonists believed they were being taxed without their representation and thus denied their natural rights they ___.
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declared their independence.
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Created a government with Montesquieu's separation of powers and a federal system.
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U.S. Constitution |
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Governmental power (sovereignty) is divided between a central government and regional governments.
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Federalism |