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33 Cards in this Set
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- Back
schizophrenia diagnosis |
symptoms: delusions hallucinations disorganized thought disorganized behavior catatonia negative symptoms diagnosis: at least two symptoms for six months, one must be delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech |
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neologism |
when person with schizophrenia comes up with new words |
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avolition |
negative symptom of schizophrenia; marked by decreased engagement in purposeful, goal-directed actions |
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prodromal phase |
phase before symptomatic behavior phase; patient exemplifies deterioration, social withdrawal, role functioning impairment, peculiar behavior, innappropriate affect and unusual experiences |
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major depressive episode |
two weeks with at least five of following symptoms: prominent and persistent depressed mood anhedonia appetite disturbances weight changes sleep disturbances decreased energy feelings of worthlessness or guilt difficulty concentrating/thinking psychomotor symptoms ("slowed down") thoughts of death or suicide attempt |
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persistent depressive disorder |
given to individuals who suffer from dysthymia |
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disthymia |
depressed mood (less than major depressive episode) that lasts at least two years |
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bipolar I disorder |
manic episodes with or without major depressive episodes |
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bipolar II disorder |
hypomania with at least one major depressive episode |
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hypomania |
doesn't significantly impair functioning; no psychotic features; more energy and optimism |
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cyclothymic disorder |
hypomanic episodes and periods of dysthymia |
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monoamine or catecholamine theory of depression |
too much norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapse leads to mania, while too little leads to depression |
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hyperthyroidism |
excessive levels of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4); must be ruled out for all anxiety disorders |
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dissociative amnesia |
inability to recall past experiences; no neurological basis; often experience dissociative fugue |
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somatic symptom disorder |
at least one somatic symptom, which may or may not have a medical basis; way too much time and energy worrying about it |
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illness anxiety disorder |
consumed with thoughts about having or developing a serious medical condition |
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conversion disorder |
unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions ex: paralysis or blindness without neurological damage |
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la belle indifference |
person is unconcerned by symptom of conversion disorder |
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ego-syntonic |
people with personality disorders perceive their behavior as correct, normal or in harmony with their goals |
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ego-dystonic |
all disorders besides personality disorders; individual sees illness as thrust upon themselves that is intrusive and bothersome |
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personality disorder cluster A |
paranoid schizotypal schizoid "weird" |
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personality disorder cluster B |
antisocial borderline histrionic narcissistic "wild" |
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personality disorder cluster C |
avoidant dependent obsessive-compulsive "worried" |
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schizotypal personality disorder |
odd or eccentric thinking; ideas of reference (like delusions of reference but less severe); magical thinking |
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splitting |
seen in borderline personality disorder; view others as all good or all bad |
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histrionic personality disorder |
constant attention-seeking behavior |
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biological markers of depression |
abnormally high glucose metabolism in the amygdala hippocampal atrophy after long duration of illness abnormally high levels of glucocorticoids (cortisol) decreased norepinephrine decreased serotonin decreased dopamine |
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biological markers of bipolar disorders |
increased norepinephrine increased serotonin higher risk if parent has bipolar disorder higher risk for people with multiple sclerosis |
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biological markers of Alzheimer's disease |
diffuse atrophy of the brain on CT or MRI; flattened sulci in the cerebral cortex; enlarged cerebral ventricles; deficient blood flow in parietal lobes, which is correlated with cognitive decline; reduction in levels of acetylcholine; reduction in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme that produces acetylcholine; reduced metabolism in temporal and parietal lobes; senile plaques of beta-amyloid (a misfolded protein in beta-pleated sheet form); neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein |
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Parkinson's disease |
bradykinesia (slowness in movement) resting tremor pill-rolling tremor (rolling between fingers) masklike facies cogwheel rigidity (muscle tension) shuffling gait stooped posture |
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biological markers of Parkinson's disease |
decreased dopamine production in substantia nigra |
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substantia nigra |
layer of cells in brain that functions to produce dopamine to permit proper functioning of basal ganglia |
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L-DOPA |
precursor converted to dopamine once in the brain; helps Parkinson's disease |