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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the organization of the testis? (5)
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1) produce sperm
2) produce male sex hormones 3) produce seminal fluid 4) propel sperm and seminal fluid (semen) to exterior 5) copulation |
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What is the 2 functions of the testis?
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1) produce sperm
2) secrete tesosterone |
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What is in the CT stroma of the testes? (3)
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1) tunica albuginea
2) septa 3) mediastinum testes |
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What is the purpose of the tunica albuginea?
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cover the testis
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What is the purpose of the mediastinum testes?
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contain rete testes that connect seminiferous tubules to the efferent ducts of the testes
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What is in the parenchyma of the testes?
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1) seminifeous tubules
2) interstitial cells of leydig |
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What are the two main components of the testes?
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1) CT stroma
2) parenchyma |
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What is the purpose of the seminiferous tubules?
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produce sperm
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What are the two parts of the seminiferous tubules?
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1) convoluted portion
2) straight portion |
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What occurs in the convulted portion?
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contains seminiferous epithelium where sperm production occurs
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What occurs in the straight portion? (tubuli recti)
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1) connect the convuluted portion with the rete testis in mediastinum
2) lined by non sperm forming cuboidal epithelium |
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What occurs in the interstitial cells of Leydig?
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produce testosterone
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What are the interstitial cells of Leydig?
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clusters of CT between the seminiferous tubules
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What is prominent in the interstitial cells of Leydig?
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-SER
-mitochondria with tubular cristae -lipid droplets |
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What two types of cells are in the seminiferous tubules?
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1) sertoli cells
2)spermatogenic cells |
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What kind of cells are the sertoli cells?
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1) tall
2) columnar 3) go from basement membrane to lumen of seminferous tubule |
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What is the product of the sertoli cells?
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androgen binding protein to concentrate testosterone made by interstitial cells
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What do the adjacent sertoli cells form?
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blood-testis barrier which divides the seminiferous epithelium into basal and luminal compartments
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What is in the basal vs luminal compartment of the sertoli cells?
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1) cells in early stages of spermatogenesis- similar to tissue fluid
2) cells in later stages of spermatogenesis - unique microenvironment antigenic isolation and high testosterone |
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What is important about the luminal compartment of the sertoli cells?
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protect cells against tissue fluid such as antibodies
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What are the steps of spermatogenesis?
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1) diploid spermatogonia
2) mitosis 3) primary spermatocytes + more spermatogonia 4) meosis I 5) haploid 6) secondary spermatocytes 7) meoisis II 8) spermatids 9) cytodifferentiation 10) spermatozoa |
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Where does reductional division occur in spermatgoensis?
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from primary spermatocyte to secondary spermatocyte via meiosis I
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When does equational division occur?
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from secondary spermatocytes to spermatids via meosis II
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What is the largest germ cell?
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primary spermatocytes
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Which is the shortest lasting cell cycle stage?
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secondary spermatocyte
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What are the cytodifferentiation steps you go to to get to spermiogenesis?
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1) intracellular bridges break down
2) nucleus condenses and elongates 3) acrosome forms 4) acrosome is large vesicle that contains hydrolytic enzymes 5) flagellum form |
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What is spermiation?
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release of spermatzoa from sertoli cell into lumen of seminiferous tubule
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What is the course of the sperm within the testis?
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1) seminiferous tubules convuluted produce sperm
2) seminiferous tubule straight portion connects convoluted portion to rete testis 3) rete testis connects to efferent ducts 4) efferent ducts leads to duct of epidydymis |
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How does the efferent duct change from the rete testis to the epidydimis?
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1) alternating simple epithelium with scalloped border - tall ciliated and shorter cuboidal
2) ducts become highly coiled forming coni vasculosi 3) conus vasculosi form head of epidiydymus |
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What is the function of the efferent duct?
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propel spermatozoa and resorb testicular fluid
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Once you are in the epididymus what structure have you left?
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testis
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What are the three components of the epididymis?
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head
body tail |
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What two structures does the head of the epididymus contain?
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1) efferent ducts (coni vasculosi)
2) duct of epididymis |
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What is the histology of the duct of the epididymis?
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1) highly coiled tube
2) tall psuedostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia |
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What are the three functions of the epidiymis?
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1) store sperm
2) absorb excess testicular fluid 3) move sperm toward ductus deferns |
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What is the function of the ductus deferens?
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convey and propel sperm from duct of epididymis to ejaculatory duct of prostate
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What is the histology of the ductus deferens?
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1)mucosa - psuedostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
2)thick muscularis externa with 3 layers |
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What is in the spermatic cord?
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1) spermatic artery
2) pampinerform plexus 3) nerve plexus |
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What does the ductus deferns lead to?
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ejaculatory duct --> urethra
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What are the three genital glands?
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seminal vesicles
prostate gland bulbourethral glands |
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What is the function of the seminal vesicle?
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provides bulk of seminal fluid including fructose, citrate, proteins, prostaglandins, sperm coagulating factors
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What is the histology of the seminal vesicle? (2)
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1)paired glands lying posterior to urinary bladder
each gland composed of single highly tortuous tube lined with psuedostratified columnar epithelium 2)luminal surface has complex folds |
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Where is the prostate located?
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around the prostatic urethra
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What is the prostate composed of?
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psuedostratified columnar epithelium that make up tons of glands
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What is the function of the prostate?
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secrete thin milky fluid containing citric acid and acid phosphatase as well as hydrolytic enzymes like PSA
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What is PSA?
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serine protease and fibinolysin
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What are the four components of the penis?
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1)-2) paired corpus cavernosa
2) corpus spongiosum 3) tunica albuginea 4) thin skin covering |
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What artery is involved in the erection process? where is it located?
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deep artery and helicine arteries in corpus cavernosa?
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What nervous activity causes an erection?
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parasympathetics cause dilation of deep and helicine artery
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Where is the penile urethra located?
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corpus spongiosum
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What is the two components of the penile urethra? (2)
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1) peudostratified columnar epithelium --> moist stratified sqaumous epithelum near opening
2) glands of Littre |
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What is located in the glands of littre?
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mucous secreting glands that provide lubrication for ejaculate
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What regulates spermatogensis?
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follicle stimulating hormone
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What regulates the secretion of testosterone from interstitial cells of leydig?
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leutinizing hormone/interstitial cell stimulating hormone
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