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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Division
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Attribute is wrongly transferred from whole to parts
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composition
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attribute is wrongly transferred from parts to whole
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Amphiboly
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Conclusion depends on the wrong interpretation of a syntactically ambiguous statement
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Equivocation
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Conclusion depends on a shift in meaning of a word or phrase
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False dichotomy
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Either
or statement that truly hides other alternative
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Weak analogy
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Conclusion depends on defective analogy
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False cause
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conclusion depends on nonexistent or minor causal connection
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Hasty generalization
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conclusion is drawn from atypical sample
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Appeal to ignorance
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Premises report that nothing is known or proved, and then a conclusion is drawn
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Appeal to unqualified authority
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Citing untrustworthy authority
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Red Herring
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Arguer leads reader off track
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Missing the point
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Draw a conclusion different from that supported by premises
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Straw man
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Arguer distorts opponent's argument and then attacks the distorted argument
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Accident
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General rule is applied to a specific case it was not intended to cover
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Ad Hominem
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Argument against the person
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Appeal to the people
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Appeals to the listener's desire for security love respect, etc.
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Valid argument
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True premises and true conclusion
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Sound
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Deductive argument if valid and has true premises
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Cogent
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Inductive argument cogent if and only if it is strong and has true premises
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Inductive argument
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Give proof of the probable truth of conclusion
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Deductive argument
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intention to give absolute proof of conclusion
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