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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
There are 5 families of lizards in Australia?
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Monitors
skinks Geckos Dragons Legless lizards |
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Give 3 examples of pet lizard species
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1. Bearded dragons
2. Blu- tongue lizards 3. Shingleback lizards |
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Give examples of transportation for small and large lizards
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Small= plastic container with holes/ calico bag
Large= Heavy sack / secure box |
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What should you never pick up when restraining a lizard?
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the tail! they can lose iit!
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How do you hold a small lizrad?
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Cupped in the hand and restrained in the other
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How do ou restrain moderate size lizards and dragons?
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1. Gently hold behind mandibles
2. Support body on palm of hand |
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How do you restrian a large lizard?
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1. Protective gloves
2. Behind head 3. Support body and tail 4. Pull forelimbs and hindlimbs in full extension 5. May require pinning stick |
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What is the head bandaged technique which is useful for dragons and iguanas??
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- gentle pressure applied to the eyes by hand / head bandage
- elicit the vaso- vagal response - should not be doen longer than 10 minutes good for non invasive non painful procedures/ |
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WHat are tehe general principles of chemical restraint? 2
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- painful and invasive procedure require GA
- response to anaesthsis is temperature dependent (KEEP WARM!) |
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Describe giving inhalational anaesthsia to a lizard 4.
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- Iso is used
- IPPV for induction and maintenance - Some need injectable sedation to enable iintubation due to strong jaw tone |
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How do you administer injectable sedation? 1
Give 4 types of injectable sedation? |
IV
Propofol - Alfaxan - Zoletil - Ketamine |
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What are the 4 things to look out for monitoring anaesthesia?
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1. Heart rate - doppler
2. Respiration - IPPV and observe body expansion 3. Maintain PBT 4. Loss of reflexes- righting response to stimuli |
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Describe 2 places of venipuncture and how to attain it?
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1. Ventral Coccygeal vein
- req good manual restraint - make sure needle advance between scales and in contact with bone - blood flow is slow 2. Ventral abdominal vein - larger lizards - require chemical restraint |
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What are teh 3 ways of parental adminitration and where?
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1/ IM - forelimb / hindlimb
2. SC- loose skin in axillary /inguinal region 3. ICe 4. Intraosseous |
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What is the nature of antibiotic treatment of reptiles?
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- gram -ve enteric
- resistant to common antibiotics - require minimum 5-7 treatments |
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What are your 3 types of antibiotics for lizars?
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1. Ceftazidime
2. Enrofloxocin 3. Amakacin |
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What is your best diagnostic tool to work up common injuries and diseases?
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Husbandry! - HIStory
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Describe dermatitis - what sort (3)?
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- Often serious in reptiles
- Ability to slough useful Necrotic dermatitis 1. Bacterial 2. Blister Disease 3. Fungal dermatitis |
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What is the common name for skin diseases in lizards?
Give 3 examples of clinical signs? |
Scale rot and skin rot
1. Discolouration of scales 2. Haemorrhagic sclaes 3. Ulceration of skin |
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How would you diagnose scale rot? and treat it?
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Diagnose with cytology
Treatment 1. Debride - GA 2. Disinfect 3. Systemic antibiotics |
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What are 3 causes of dysecdysis?
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1. Low humidity
2. Abbrasive environment 3. Dermatitis |
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How would you treat dysecdysis?
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1. Address underlyin problem
2. Soak the animal in warm water and remove areas with towel - ensure ability to breathe. |
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What is MBD?
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general metabolic disorder across all species
lizrds most susceptible (juvenile) - gravid females at risk |
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What cause MBD? 2
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1. Inadequate diet
2. Lack of exposure to UVB |
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Give 3 clinical signs of MBD?
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1. Weak floppy animal
2. Underweight 3. Skeletal deformities |
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How would you diagnose MBD?
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- History
- Radiography |
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How would you treat MBD? 4
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1. treat with supportive treamtent ( fluids)
2. Ca supplementation 3. Vit D3 |
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Describe limb fracture 3?
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1. Usually simple and closed
2. Diagnosis : lameness, palpation and radiography 3. Preexisting MBD = pathological |
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Describe periondontal disease.
1. What species 2. Cause 3. Clinical signs 4. Diagnosis 5. Treatment |
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1. What species : Dragon and chameleons 2. Cause: diet, stress, bad husbandry 3. Clinical signs: mouth gaping, tartar build up, mouth swelling, weight loss 4. Diagnosis: radiography 5, Debridement, systemic antibiotics |
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What are the pathogenesis of dystocia? 3
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- infertile eggs
- egg resorbtion - embryonic death = maternal toxicity |
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What is Gout?
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Blood level of uric acid exceed renal threshold
- Uric acid crystls deposited in joints and viscera |
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What are the 3 cause of Gout?
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1. dehydration
2. increased uric production - high protein diets 3. kidney fialure |
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What are the clinical signs of gout 2
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1. visceral gout- lethargy dehydration
2. Articular gout - swollen joints / lameness |
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What are the diagnosisof gout 3
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1. HISTORY
2. Blood smaples 3. Radiography |
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What are the treatment of gout 3
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1. decrease uric acid levels - decrease protein in diet
2. Promote urate excretion- rehydration 3. Manage arthiritis. |
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What are the 3 main groups of parasites ?
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Strongyloides, ascarid - diarrhoea
Oxyurids- non pathogenic Entamoeba - potentially fatal |