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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Absolutist
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Believing in one's received traditions as completely and exclusively true.
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Agnostic
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Belief that if there anything beyond this life it is impossible for humans to know it.
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Allegory
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Narrative using symbols to convey abstract ideas.
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Atheism
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Belief there is no deity (God).
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Awakening
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Full awareness of invisible reality.
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Charisma
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Magnetic attraction, a quality often ascribed to spiritual leaders.
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Comparative Religion
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A discipline that attempts to compare and understand patterns found in different religious traditions.
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Creationism
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Belief that all life was created by God.
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Dogma
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Doctrines proclaimed as absolutely true by religious institutions.
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Enlightment
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Wisdom that is thought to come from direct experience of ultimate reality.
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Exclusivism
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Belief that one's own tradition is the only true religion and that others are invalid.
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Fundamentalism
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Insistence on what is perceived as the historical form of one's religion.
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Gnosis
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Intuitive knowledge of spiritual realities.
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Heretic
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One whose assertions about religion are considered false by his or her religious institution.
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immanent
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Present in the visible world.
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Incarnation
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Physical embodiment of the divine.
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Intelligent design
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Theory that scientific discoveries prove the the existence of an all-encompassing Designer, since they reveal complexities that seem to be beyond chance or evolutionary process.
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Liberal
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Taking a flexible, non-dogmatic approach.
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Metaphysics
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Philosophy based on theories of subtle realities that transcend the physical world.
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Monotheism
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Belief that there is only one deity.
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Mysticism
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The intuitive perception of spiritual truths beyond the limits of reason.
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Myth
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A symbolic story expressing ideas about reality or spiritual history.
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Orthodox
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Strictly standing by received traditions.
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Phenomenology
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study of religious practices to comprehend their meaning for their practitioners.
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Polytheism
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Belief that there are many deities.
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Profane
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Worldly, secular, as opposed to sacred.
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Realization
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Personal awareness of the existence of Unseen Reality.
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Redaction
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Editing and organization of a religion's scriptures.
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Religion
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A particular response to dimensions of life considered sacred, as shaped by institutionalized traditions.
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Ritual
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Repeated, patterned religious act.
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Sacred
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The realm of the extraordinary, beyond everyday perceptions, the supernatural, holy.
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Scientific Materialism
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Belief that only the material world exists and that the supernatural is only imagined by humans.
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Spirituality
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Any personal response to dimensions of life that are considered sacred.
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Symbol
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Visible representation of an invisible reality or concept.
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Theism
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Belief in a deity or deities.
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Transcendent
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Spiritual reality that exists apart from the material universe.
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Universalism
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Acceptance that truth may be found in all religions.
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The Materialistic Perspective
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The supernatural is imaginary, only the Material world exists. Karl Marx said that religion is the longing of the oppressed.
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The Functional Perspective
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Religion is useful for individuals and society . Religion is seen as a glue which holds human society together. Religion has positive physiological effects (prayer). Religion is beneficial to psychological well-being.
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The Belief Perspective
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Some form of ultimate reality exists. Some use holy books to come to their own conclusions. Reality=Rational Thought & reason and non -rational modes of knowing; religious practitioners may use both methods.
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Mircea Eliade
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Helped develop comparative religion which compares religious patterns found throughout the world. (Shared & Profane).
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The istic religions
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They understand the "sacred" to be a personal reality and which is based on one's relationship to the personal sacred. the belief that a t least one God Exist.
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Non-theistic
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A sacred reality that is not in the form of personal God.
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Negative aspects of organized religions
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• Religions may split rather than unify humanity.
• Religions may devote more energy to preserving the outer, institutional form of the religion than its inner spirit (Weber’s “routinization of charisma”). • Those in religious power have the ability to dominate and manipulate the faithful; people may put their faith in unethical or misguided spiritual leaders. • Religion may lead to an exaggeration of guilt in people with perfectionist or paranoid tendencies; religion may become a form of escapism; religion may be psychologically harmful to some. • Religion is a potential center for political power, and may be used as a rallying point for wars against other peoples or nations. |
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Patriarchal
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Having male leaders who are like father figures.
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Darwinism
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The scientific concept of a universe evolving mechanistically.
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Modes of Encountering Ultimate Reality
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Rational thought and Non-rational modes of knowing
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Non-rational modes of knowing
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Mysticism and Meditation
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Early worship of female high goddess
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Neolithic and Agricultural cultures
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Ninian Smart
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Influential scholar of world religions. He distinguished seven dimensions of religion.
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7 Dimensions of religion
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1. Ritual
2. Narrative and mythic 3. Experimental and emotions 4. Social and Institutional 5. Ethical and Legal 6. Doctrinal and philosophical 7. Material |
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Ludwig Feuerbach
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Philosopher. Scientific Materialism
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Karl Marx
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Socialist philosopher. Scientific Materialism. His ideas led toward twentieth-century atheistic communism.
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Emile Durkheim
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French socialist. Functional perspective.
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