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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
AAVE |
African American Vernacular English, formerly known as Black English Vernacular by sociolinguists, and known as ebonics outside the academic community. It is a dialect most commonly spoken by urban working-class African Americans.
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abstraction |
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acrolect |
A dialect that is prestigious, example: Received Pronunciation, which is a British dialect native to the south of England. |
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amelioration |
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argot |
The jargon or slang of a particular group or class. |
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assibilation |
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assigned gender |
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auxiliary |
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basilect |
A dialect that is socially stigmatized. Example: the Southern US dialect.
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Canadian raising |
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clear 'l' |
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clipping |
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code-mixing |
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code-switching |
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concretization |
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creole |
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cumulative |
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dark 'l' |
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dead metaphor |
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dialect |
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dummy auxiliary |
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ebonics |
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enclosures |
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EFL |
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ENL |
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ESL |
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euphemism |
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folk etymology |
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fortition |
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functional shift |
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generalization |
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Great Schism |
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Great Vowel Shift (GVS) |
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Homophones |
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Humanism |
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Hypotaxis |
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Idiolect |
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Idiom |
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Inkhorn term |
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Jargon |
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Kamtok |
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Latin |
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lenition |
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lexifier |
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lingua franca |
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loan word |
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macaronic |
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malapropism |
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mesolect |
A dialect that is somewhere between prestigious and socially stigmatized; it is between the basilect and the acrolect.
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modal auxiliary |
a type of auxiliary verb that is used to indicate modality – that is, likelihood, ability, permission, and obligation. Examples include the English verbs can/could, may/might, must, will/would, and shall/should.
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narrowing |
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nationalism |
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national variety |
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natural gender |
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neologism |
A new word.
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non-rhotic speech |
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noun adjunct |
a noun which modifiers another noun but is optional (unlike in a compound noun, where neither element is optional). Ex, neighbourhood broker.
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parataxis |
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pejoration |
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periodic |
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periphrasis |
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periphrastic tenses |
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phonemic vowel length |
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phonemic double consonants |
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pidgin |
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prestige dialect |
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primary auxiliary |
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printing |
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Protestant Reformation |
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quasi-modals |
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Renaissance |
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restrictive (non-restrictive) relative clauses |
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rhotic (non-rhotic) speech |
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shibboleth |
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shift in connotation/denotation |
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slang |
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standard English |
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strengthening |
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style |
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taboo language |
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Tok Pisin |
A creole language spoken in Papua New Guinea. It began as a pidgin, but has become a distinct language in its own right. |
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Two-part (or separable) verb |
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weakening |
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yod (yoddizing) |
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449 |
Tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes invade Britain.
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597 |
Rome sends St. Augustine to covert English - widespread Christian conversion takes place
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680 |
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793 |
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878 |
King Alfred establishes Dane law - creating an area in north England under Danish control to put a stop to invasion
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911 |
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1066 |
William the Conqueror invades England and establishes Norman rule of England. French becomes language of upper classes, English for lower classes - dramatic changes to English as a result
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1204 |
King John loses Normandy to France. Growing patriotism favours English over French
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1337-1453 |
The Hundred Years' War between England and France. English language re-established in England because of growing nationalism |
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1348 |
First waves of Black Death - peaks between 1348-1350. 30-60% of Europe's population killed
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1381 |
Peasants revolt in England against poll tax to help pay for Hundred Years war - serfdom dissappears due to emerging middle class
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1476 |
William Caxton sets up printing press in Westminster - his use of London English promotes that dialect and results in standardised printed English. First printed The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer
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1509 |
Henry VIII becomes King
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1776 |
US Declaration of Independence - new form of English language born from new nation
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Caxton |
Set up first printing press in England
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Chaucer |
Wrote Canterbury Tales
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Gawain-poet |
Wrote Gawain and the Green Knight
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Francis Grose |
Wrote Dictionary of Antiquities |
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Samuel Johnson |
Dictionary of The English Language in 1755 - established modern lexographic practices |
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Langland |
Wrote Piers Plowman between 1370 and 1390 |
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Robert Lowth |
Wrote short Introduction to English grammar as pedagogical grammar - established many rules for standard English
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Milton |
Wrote Paradise Lost in 1667 - product of religious interpretations of Puritan commonwealth
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Peterborough Chronicle |
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John Purvey |
Follower of John Wycliffe, who translated the bible into English |
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John of Trevisa |
Translated Polychronicon |
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Squanto |
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Noah Webster |
Expressed his desire for distinct language system in the US - wrote Dissertation of the English language
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Thomas Wilson |
Wrote The Arte of Rhetorique in 1553 |
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case |
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strong verbs |
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weak verbs |
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nominative |
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genitive |
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dative |
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accusative |
h |