Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Vygotsky's concept that people develop understanding and expertise mainly through apprenticeship with more knowledgeable learners
|
guided participation
|
|
recording mini-milestones of child development (eg the ages when the child discovers parts of the body, creeps, sits upright, walks)
|
baby biography
|
|
in humans, consists of 22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes, except those that determine sex
|
autosomes
|
|
the process of ordinary cell division that results in two cells identical to the parent cell
|
mitosis
|
|
reproductive cells (ova, sperm) that are formed by the process of meiosis
|
gametes
|
|
traits that are determined by genes on teh 23rd chromosome pair
|
sex-linked traits
|
|
alteration in the DNA that typically occurs during mitosis or meisos and is therefore transmitted to subsequent cells through cell division
|
mutation
|
|
birth defects; abnormalities that result from genetic and chromosomal problems as well as from exposure to toxins, disease and such during the prenatal period
|
congenital anomalies
|
|
ceasing to attend or respond to repetitive stimulation; occurs at several levels, from sensation to perception to higher cognition
|
habituation
|
|
unreasonable fear of an object or situation
|
phobia
|
|
a procedure in which oly some responses are reinforced or punished; produces much stronger habits than continuous reinforcement
|
partial schedules
|
|
one's beliefs and feelings about oneself; defines who a person is
|
self-concept
|
|
what a person believes he/she is capable of doing in a give situation
|
self-efficacy
|
|
interaction of components-such as everyday physical and social settings, parenting and family customs, and the overall environment context-that determines the unique world of each person
|
developmental niche
|
|
individual environmental factors that do no occur at any predictable time in a person'a life (divorce, unemployment, career change)
|
nonnormative influences
|
|
photograph of a cell's chromosomes arranged in pairs according to size
|
karyotype
|
|
the extent to which a trait is inherited vs acquired, thus presuming a genetic basis; note that it estimates the influence of environment
|
heritability
|
|
ceasing to attend or respond to repetitive stimulation, occurs at several levels, from sensation to perception to higher cognition
|
habituation
|
|
muted gene on chromosome 15, only from father, affect function of hypothalamus, inappropriate laughter
|
angelman syndrome
|
|
mutated gene on 7th chromosome, involves endocrine gland on pancreas, excess mucous, early death
|
cystic fibrosis
|
|
carried by dominant gene on 4th chromosome, causes early dementia, random jerking movt, staggering walk; appears after 35 yrs
|
huntington disease
|
|
defective gene on chromosome 12, fail to synthesize certain enzyme, given substitute protein formula
|
Phenylketonuria PKU
|
|
defected gene on chromosome 15, affect function of hypothalamus, only from mother
|
Prader-Willi syndrome
|
|
defective gene of chromosome 11, mishapen red blood cells, sticky blood, anemic, pain
|
Sickle cell anemia
|
|
European Jews, defective gene on chromosome 15, early infant death from brain degeneration
|
Tay-Sachs disease
|
|
sex-linked genetic disorder, genetic replication error, x chromosome prone to breakage, atypical behavior, most common hereditary disorder
|
fragile x
|
|
most common autosomal, most common is trisomy 21, incidence increases with mothers age over 35
|
down's syndrome
|
|
a child's genetic makeup included features no present in either parent
|
mutation
|
|
chromosomal pattern of XXY
|
Klinefelter's syndrome
|
|
number of different kinds of cells in human body
|
over 200
|
|
identical twins
|
monozygotic
|
|
withdrawal/analysis of cells from membrane surrounding fetus, quicker than amniocentesis
|
chorionic villus sampling
|
|
neonate who weighs less than 5lbs 8oz
|
small-for-date
|
|
infant born before gestation period of 35 weeks
|
preterm status
|
|
the characteristic beliefs, attitudes, and ways of interacting
|
personality
|
|
characterized by anger and avoidance of the mother
|
resistant attachment
|
|
characterized by ambivalence (+ and - feelings) toward the mother
|
avoidant attachment
|
|
characterized by contradictory behavior and confusion toward mother
|
disorganized/disoriented attachment
|
|
first critical developmental issue that is resolved in the first year of life, Erikson
|
trust vs mistrust
|
|
second critical developmental issue, resolved 2-3 yo, Erikson
|
autonomy vs shame/doubt
|
|
failure of caregiver to respond/care for a child, often unintentional
|
child neglect
|
|
condition that may result from malnutrition or unresponsive caregiving in which infants are small (<3%) for age, appear emaciated, unable to digest properly
|
failure-to-thrive syndrome (FTT)
|