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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The model that describes the cell membrane
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fluid mosaic model
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The components of the cell membrane
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phospholipids, carbohydrates, proteins, cholesterol
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The most predominant part of the cell membrane
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phospholipids
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carbohydrate attached to a protein
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glycoprotein
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carbohydrate attached to a lipid
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glycolipid
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function of cholesterol in the cell membrane
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provide stability and fluidity to the membrane
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the number of layers of phospholipids in the cell membrane
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2
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function of proteins in the cell membrane
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signalling, cell recognition, transport, enzymatic
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function of carbohydrates in the cell membrane
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cell recognition
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The 3 types of transport across the cell membrane
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1) diffusion 2) transport by carriers 3) endo/exo-cytosis
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The 2 types of diffusion
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1) simple diffusion 2) osmosis
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What particles move by simple diffusion across a cell membrane?
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small, non-polar molecules such as gases
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What particles move by osmosis across a cell membrane?
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water
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What is needed in order to allow diffusion to occur?
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A concentration gradient (difference in concentration of a particle between 2 sides)
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What are factors that affect diffusion rate?
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1) particle size 2) temperature 3) concentration difference between sides
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Define tonicity
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The amount of solute in a solution
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Hypertonic
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A lot of solute in solution
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Hypotonic
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A little amount of solute in solution
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Isotonic
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The same amount of [solute] when comparing 2 solutions.
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Which way will water osmose when comparing 2 solutions (hyper and hypo- tonic)?
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water will move from hypotonic solutions to hypertonic solutions
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Osmotic pressure
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The pressure created by the movement of water from one area to another
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What are the two types of transport by carriers?
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1) facilitated transport 2) active transport
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Facilitated transport
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The movement of particles that are too large or polar across the cell membrane, down their concentration gradient with the aid of a protein channel.
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Active transport
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The movement of particles (small, large, polar & nonpolar) against their concentration gradient with the aid of a protein channel/pump AND ATP
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2 types of Endocytosis
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1) pinocytosis 2) phagocytosis
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Endocytosis
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The movement of large particles or a bulk of small particles INTO the cell; requires energy
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Pinocytosis
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Cell drinking; movement of large amounts of little things into the cell at once
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Phagocytosis
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Cell eating; movement of large molecules into the cell
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Exocytosis
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The movement of large molecules or large amounts of small molecules OUT of the cell at once; requires energy
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Solution is made up of
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solute (like salt) + solvent (like water)
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