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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Constantine defeated the former tetrarch Maxentius at the Battle of the
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The Milvian Bridge
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As the new Roman Empire, Constantine adopted and promoted the new religion
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Christianity
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Constantine celebrated his victory with a triumphal arch and a new building which most Romans would have called a Temple, and Christians consider the first official Christian Church
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Church of St. Peter (on the Vitican Hill)
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The architects of the new church of St. Peter used this type of Roman public building as a model
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basilica
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Classical artists typically indicate the physical presence of God in naturalistic (if idealized) sculpture. Early Christian artists prefer this type of representation
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Symbolic Representations, things like grapes, fish and lambs
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Despite the biblical prohibition against worship of "graven images" the 3rd century synagogue at Dura Europos is decorated with murals, but _______ is never represented in figural form
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God
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In the Consecration of the Tabernacle scene, the figure of Aaron is larger than the other figures because
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He is the most important
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Aaron is also shown as flatter than the other figures because
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it shows emphasis that Aaron is a symbol rather than a physical likeness
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The floor of a synagogue at Hammath Tiberias includes an image of the Classical God Helios/Apollo; is this a "formal borrowing" of decorative scheme? or a deliberate "transfer of authority" of traditional imagery? Which do you think and why?
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...
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Would you make the same answer regarding the spoilia on the arch of Constantine? why?
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...
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The earliest Christian painting in Rome survives in the context:
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Catacombs
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In the first centuries of Christianity, Rome Christians buries their dead in a network of underground passages called:
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Catacombs
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Among the type of subjects represented on the walls and ceilings of these underground passages might be:
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scenes of salvation or rescue from some peril
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Roman burials were always _____ the city walls
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outside
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One concrete method by which the early Christians express their belief in immortality of the soul, and suggest and the unimportance of physical death might be
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allowing the dead body inside the church
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The earliest figures which may be represent Christ show Him in this role:
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as a good shepherd
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The alter of the Christian Church is typically aligned towards this cardinal point
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east
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Requirements for a Christian Church include a place for the congregation to meet, but the focus of the liturgy is the celebration of the
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mass/ Eucharist
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Models for churches include another type of Roman building, such as Costantia's ______ mausoleum
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tomb
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The church of Santa Costanza in Rome and the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia both served two functions, they were used as
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Tombs and churches
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The 4 books of the New Testament are the 4
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Gospels
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Name the 4 Evangelists and their symbol
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Mark is shown as a lion
Luke is shown as a bull John is shown as an eagle |
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Roman burials are invariably outside the city walls; why did Christian churches incorporate dead bodies?
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both as a memorial to the dead, & a way of showing how unimportant is the physical body
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Early Christian and Byzantine churches are usually decorated in this medium
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mosaic
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Mosaics may use tesserae of glass and gold deliberately places at irregular angles to create this effect
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the gold glitters, created a heavenly glow
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Adherents of Jewish and Christian and Muslim religions were referred to as
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people of the book.
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Indications of the Roman royal or imperial statues include this color, adapted to signify the status of Jesus
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Purple
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Mosaic decorations of churches tell a story and convey a message, the theme of the mosaics in the church of Santa Maria Maggiore is
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the history of human salvation
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Some of the representations seem deliberately un-naturalistic; in the scene of Lot and Abraham, why does the artist insert a silver of gold between the two lines
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Visually emphasizes their separation, and their separate choices
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For the "People of the Book", the written word of God is important. In the 4th century, the format of books changed from ______ to ______
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scroll replaces with bound codex
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In the first few centuries after the birth of Christ, Christianity was an "underground" religion; by 359 CE, the "Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus" lets us know that Christianity is an important official religion because
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This sarcophagus, with illustrated scenes of bible stories
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In the 4th century, Constantine moves the capital of the Roman empire from _____ to the small trading port of Byzantium, which he renames ______
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Rome to Constantinople
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In 349 CE the sacred games at Olympia were ______ and Roman temples were _______
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Ended
Closed |
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In the 5th century CE Rome was _____ by the Goths
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Sacked(attacked and looted)
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Churches in the _____ tend to be Basilica form and churches in the ______ tend to use a central plan
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West
East |
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The figures of Justinian in San Vitale are described having no physical form or earthly space, but as existing in an eternal present; how does this artist create this effect?
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very flattened figures, without modeling, the drapery a simple pattern against gold ground, feet stand on nothing but seem to float with pointed toes
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What are the Justinian and Theodora holding? Why?
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A loaf of bread and a cup of wine- the elements of sacrament of the Eucharist in which they are transformed into the body and blood of Christ.
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The square nave of Hagia Sophia is roofed with a circular dome; the triangular architectural feature makes a transition between the two shapes is called a
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Pendentive
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The dome of Hagia Sophia seems to float because
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a row of closely space windows at the base
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Procopius describes the church, and suggests that the purpose of the design and decoration is
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one's mind is "lifted up towards God... feeling that He cannot be far away"
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Hagia Sophia does not quite look as it did in Justinian's time because this is missing from the walls
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the figural mosaics
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The windows at the base of the dome of Hagia Sophia serve this practical function
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To admit light
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And this expressive function
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to suggest light from God
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Micheal is described as compelling because of its disembodied quality; how does the artist create this effect
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one element is an oddly inconsistent relationship between figute and architecture (arms in front of feet behind the columns)
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An ivory or a painting made in two parts hinged together is called a
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diptych
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In the illustrated page of the Vienna Genesis, why is the Virgin Mary on a donkey represented twice?
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"continues narration", this is, two episodes in the same story
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A typical feature of Byxantine art are images which may be portable objects used for personal devotion
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icons
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Controversy in the 8th century concerned the use of images - whether they were useful aids to worship, or graven those whose use was akin to worshipping idols. Emperor Leo III encouraged the destruction of all images; this destruction is called
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iconclasm
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In the Christian, Jewish and Islamic faiths, the prohibition against the worship of idols comes from this document
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10 commandments
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The "Middle" Byzantine church of Daphne uses a central plan decorated with narratives; to read the images in order one must circulate through the chuch. This movement may intent to evoke this kind of journey
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pilgrimage
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Hallmarks of Byzantine art include stiff figures and gold grounds, a style described in italy as
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The Greek Style
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Static images glowing with the radiance of heaven might be effectively represented in mosaic, but the dramatic images of the Anastasis at the church of Kariye Camii in Istanbul are in this medium
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painted in fresco
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The city once known as Constantinople is not the modern city of
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Istanbul
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