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240 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What is murine mycoplasmosis in rats caused by? |
Mycoplasma |
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What two major areas are affected by murine Mycoplasma? |
Respitory and genital |
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What animal does murine Mycoplasma affect? |
Pet and housed rats |
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What kind of tumors are common in most strains of rats? |
Mammary tumors |
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Mammary tumors rarely______. |
Metastisize |
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Who is the animal welfare act enforced by? |
A division of the USDA called the animal and plant Health inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) |
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What organization promotes the humane treatment of animals in science? |
American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) |
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The American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care is a __________ assessment facilities and companies go through to become accredited. |
Voluntary |
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What organization reviews animal research protocols? |
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) |
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What organization certifies laboratory technicians and includes researchers and technicians in its membership? |
American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) |
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What is the most common health condition that affects people working in a research animal facility? |
Laboratory Animal Allergy (LAA) |
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What percentage of people working in a research animal facility develope allergy symptoms? |
10-30% |
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What are outbred strains? |
The result of random mating to achieve genetic variations. |
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What are inbred strains of mice? |
The result of brother/sister, father/daughter, and mother/son matings for a minimum of 20 consecutive generations. |
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Animals that genetically differ at one particular location of gene on a chromosome are called ________ ________. |
Congenic strains |
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The result of microinjections of DNA into mouse eggs for the production of very specific disease models are called _________ _________. |
Transgenic strains |
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Transgenic strains are useful in studying some forms of ________. |
cancer |
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What are axenic animals? |
Germ free animals |
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Axenic animals are derived from ____________ so that they are free from infection by any microorganisms. |
Hysterectomy |
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Germ free mice that have been introduced to one or more known nonpathogenic microorganisms are called ___________ mice. |
Gnotobiotic |
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Animals free from specific pathogenic organisms are called |
Specific pathogen free (SPF) and viral antibody free (VAF) |
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Animals maintained under sterile conditions in a barrier unit are called ______ _____ animals. |
Barrier sustained |
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Animals Houser with no special precautions are called __________ animals. |
Conventional. |
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Dominant mouse will occasionally remove the _________ _______ from all other mice in cage. |
Facial hair |
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What is it called when the facial hair is removed by a dominant mouse? |
Barbering |
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Mice should be picked up by the _____ of tail and never the middle or tip of tail. |
Base |
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A mouse can be placed over a ______ _____ so that its front feet can grip something. |
Wire grid |
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What is it called when female mice are exposed to a male mouse so they will come into estrus within 72 hours? |
Whitten effect |
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What is it called If a recently bred female is exposed to another male and the pregnancy doesn't take and she returns to estrus in 4-5 days? |
Bruce effect |
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The gestation of a mouse is |
19-21 days |
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Mice will have litter sizes up to |
6-12 pups |
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Postpartum estrus in mice occurs within _____ hours of parturition. |
24 |
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Mice are weaned at ______ days. |
21 |
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The oral and gastric gavage goes directly into the _______. |
Stomach |
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During the administration of a oral and gastric gavage, one needs to use a ________ Dosing needle attached to a_________. |
Curved, syringe |
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Subcutaneous injections in mice need to be administered over the _________ area. |
Shoulder |
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Intramuscular injections in mice need to be administered in the inner or posterior ___________. |
Thigh. |
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Intraperitoneal injections in mice need to be administered in the______ ______ ______ of ________. |
Lower right quadrant of abdomen |
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Intravenous injections in mice need to be administered in the ________ _______ vein or ________ vein. |
Lateral tail vein, saphenous vein |
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Signs of pain and distress in mice include a _________ posture, _________, ________, and _____ from group. |
Hunched, lethargy, depression, withdrawal |
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Respitory disease on mice can be _________ or _________. |
Viral, bacterial |
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Clinical signs of respitory disease in mice are _______ and _________. |
Dyspnea and chattering |
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Mouse hepatitis virus can lead to ______ and/or __________. |
Encephalitis, hepatitis. |
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What bacterium causes tyzzer's disease in mice? |
Clostridium |
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what disease in mice causes diahrrea, weight loss, sudden death, and dehydration? |
Tyzzers disease |
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What kind of virus causes epizootic diarrhea of infant mice? |
Rotavirus |
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What are clinical signs of epizootic diarrhea of infant mice? |
Soft yellow feces or fecal staining of the anogenital area |
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How do you treat pinworm in mice? |
By deworming and sanitizing |
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What are the species of mites that can affect mice? |
Myobia musculi and myocoptes musculinus |
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What are clinical signs of mites in mice? |
Alopecia, pruritus, and dermatitis. |
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Where is the lacrimal gland located in rats? |
Behind the eyeball |
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What does the lacrimal gland secrete? |
Porphyrin |
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What does the lacrimal gland do for the rats eye? |
Lubricates it |
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During stress or disease in rats, what happens to the porphyrin? |
Overflows and can stain the face |
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What organ does a rat lack? |
Gallbladder |
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Rats that eat their own feces are called |
Coprophagic |
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What is the length of the estrus cycle for a rat? |
4-5 days |
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The ______ effect is less pronounced in rats. |
Whitten |
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Subcutaneous injections in rats needs to be administered |
Over the shoulder area |
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Intramuscular injections in rats needs to be administered in the |
Inner or posterior thigh muscle |
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Where do Intraperitoneal injections in rats needs to be administered? |
Lower left quadrant of abdomen |
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Where do IV injections in rats need to be administered (4)? |
Lateral tail vein, saphenous vein, dorsal penis vein, sublingual vein. |
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When can simple blood sampling be accomplished in a rat? |
When they are awake and restrained |
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How much blood can be taken out of the saphenous vein in a rat? |
1 mL |
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How much blood can be taken out of the lateral tail vein in a rat? |
1 mL |
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Difficult or painful blood sampling should be done under |
Anesthesia |
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How much blood can be taken out of the retro orbital sinus in a rat? |
1mL |
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How much blood can be taken out of the jugular vein in a rat? |
2-3 mL |
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Blood taken out of the cranial Verna cava vein should not exceed _____% of body weight. |
1 |
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How much blood can be taken out of the cardiac in a rat? |
3-5 mL |
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What kind of blood sampling is considered a terminal procedure because of potential damage to the heart? |
Cardiac blood sampling |
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Rats can get what kind of virus? |
Parvovirus |
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What are the coronaviruses that affect rats? |
Sialodacryoadentitis virus, rat coronaviruse, the causative agent of rat sialoadenitis virus. |
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What are clinical signs of a coronaviruse? |
Red porphyrin staining of the face and claws. |
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The ________ virus is usually asymptomatic? |
Sendai |
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Hamsters have a unique |
Cheek pouch. |
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What kind of studies are hamsters useful in? |
Hypothermia studies. |
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When temperatures are under 48 degrees ferenheight when daylight hours shorten, hamsters go into short periods of _______________. |
Pseudo-hibernation |
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Hamsters are _________ artists. |
Escape |
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What kind of glands do hamsters have that they use to mark territory? |
Flank and sebaceous glands |
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Hamsters are extremely deep ___________. |
Sleepers |
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When breeding hamsters, it is best to establish _____________ pairs before sexual maturity to avoid fighting. |
Monogamous |
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The estrus cycle in a hamster is _____ days. |
4 |
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Whata is The gestation period of a hamster? |
16 days |
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How big is a hamster's litter size? |
4-12 pups |
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Hamsters wean at _____ days. |
21 |
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Where should Subcutaneous injections in hamsters be administered? |
Over the shoulder |
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Where should intramuscular injections in hamsters be administered? |
Inner or posterior thigh muscle |
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Where should intraperitoneal injections in hamsters be administered? |
Lower right quadrant of abdomen |
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Where should intravenous injections in hamsters be administered (4)? |
Jugular vein, cephalic vein, tarsal vein, and lingual vein. |
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When can simple blood sampling be accomplished with hamsters? |
When they are awake and restrained. |
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What disease in hamsters causes profuse watery diarrhea, lethargy, weight loss, depression, irritability, rectal prolapse, anorexia, and sudden death? |
Wet tail |
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What is the causative agent of wet tail in hamsters? |
It is unknown. |
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Hamsters may be more susceptible to_________ than other rodents. |
Salmonella |
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_____________ disease is not commonly seen in hamsters but may be due to lack of diagnosis because clinical signs are similar to wet tail. |
Tyzzer's |
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What are the clinical signs of salmonella in hamsters? |
Lethargy, rough coat, weight loss, distended abdomen, and increased respiration rate. |
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Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is a zoonotic disease that causes ___________ in humans. |
Meningitis |
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What are the clinical signs of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in hamsters? |
Asymptomatic |
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What do hamsters have a sensitivity to? |
Antbiotics |
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What kind of dwellers are gerbils? |
Desert dwellers |
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What are gerbils incredibly driven to do? |
Burrow |
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What are Some strains of gerbils susceptible to have? |
Epileptiform seizures |
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For gerbils, the relative humidity in labs should be________ than other lab animals. |
Lower |
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Gerbils have a low to moderate requirement for what? |
Water |
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Gerbils have very little __________ output. |
Urine |
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Gerbils are |
Nonaggressive |
How aggressive are they? |
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What kind of bedding to gerbils have a sensitivity to? |
Cedar |
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You should avoid turning gerbils over on their _______. |
Backs |
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Gerbils are __________ and will mate for life. |
Monogamous |
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Where are Intraperitoneal injections administered in gerbils? |
Lower right or left quadrant |
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Where should Intravenous injections be administered in gerbils? |
Lateral tail vein |
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What is nasal dermatitis (sore nose) caused by in gerbils? |
High stress and anxiety |
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Gerbils alleviate stress by |
Excessive burrowing |
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Why do gerbils need regular teeth trimmings? |
Prevent maloclusions and overgrowth of inscisors |
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What is the rabbit classified as? |
A lagomorph of the family leporidae |
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What is the most common specific pathogen free (SPF) rabbit produced commercially for research? |
New Zealand white rabbit |
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When are rabbits most active? |
At twilight (crepuscular) |
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How do rabbits act when they are handled roughly? |
They may vocalize with a high pitch scream |
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What should rabbits be fed? |
A pelleted high fiber rabbit diet and supplemented with good quality grass hay |
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What is the advantage of rabbit's ears? |
They are highly vascular allowing for easy intravenous and intraarterial access |
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How many inscisors do rabbits have? |
2 upper pairs |
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What kind of teeth do rabbits have? |
Open rooted teeth |
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If rabbits teeth are not naturally worn down, what needs to happen? |
They need to be trimmed. |
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If rabbit teeth are not trimmed, what health conditions can occur? |
Maloclusion |
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What is cecotroph? |
Night feces that are moist, strong in odor, bright green, and mucus covered. |
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What do rabbits do with cecotroph? |
They eat it directly from anus |
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What area of the rabbit should they never be picked up at? |
Ears |
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What kind of ovulators are rabbits? |
Induced ovulators |
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Since rabbits don't have a estrus cycle, what do they have? |
A period of receptivity that lasts between 7 and 10 days. |
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If nasogastric tubes are neccessary in rabbits, what is recommended after the tube is placed? |
Radiograph |
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When saline is introduced in a rabbits body, they will not ________ if it is introduced directly into the lungs. |
Cough |
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What kind of injection is not recommended in a rabbit? |
Intraperitoneal |
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For IV injections in a rabbit, what veins are used (3)? |
Marginal ear vein, saphenous vein, and cephalic vein. |
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For IM injections in a rabbit, what muscle locations are used (2)? |
Inner thigh muscle or lumbar muscle |
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For SQ injections in a rabbit, what areas are used (3)? |
Area of scruff behind the neck, over the shoulder, over the flank |
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What is the major causative agent in snuffles or upper respitory tract infections in rabbits? |
Pasteurellosis |
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What causes clinical presentations of upper respitory infections, otitis, pleuropneumonia, bacteremia, and abscesses in rabbits? |
Pasteurellosis |
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What causes clinical signs of nasal discharge, ocular discharge, dermatitis, torticollis, vaginal dishcharge, and abscess formation in rabbits? |
Pasteurellosis |
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What is the disease called that causes hairballs in rabbits? |
Trichobezoars |
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What causes trichobezoars (hair balls)? |
A diet low in fiber |
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What are the two forms of coccidiosis? |
Hepatic or intestinal |
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What health condition causes clinical signs of diarrhea and possible death in case of heavy infection? |
Intestinal coccidiosis |
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What causes clinical signs of diarrhea, abdominal swelling, weight loss, anorexia, icterus, and sudden death in rabbits? |
Hepatic coccidiosis |
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What disease is caused by a number of agents like fur and ear mites, dermatophytes, maloclusions, and possibly barbering in rabbits? |
Dermatitis/alopecia |
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What disease in rabbits is caused by fly larvae? |
Cuterebriasis |
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What kind of rabbits does cuterebriasis usually occur in? |
Pet or breeding rabbits |
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What are the most common strains of guinea pigs (3)? |
Peruvian (lomghaired), Abyssinian, and English short haired. |
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What type of vitamin needs to be provided In guinea pig diets? |
Vitamin c |
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How many nipples do guinea pigs have? |
2 |
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When should guinea pigs be bred? |
Before 6 months of age |
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During the later stages of pregnancy in guinea pigs, adequate _______ should be given when handled. |
Support |
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What is the gestation of a guinea pig? |
63 days |
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Describe newborn guinea pigs. |
Precocious and relatively mature with hair, erupted teeth, and open eyes |
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Guinea pigs have very ______skin. |
Tough |
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What veins are used in IV injections in guinea pigs(4)? |
Marginal ear vein, saphenous vein, cephalic vein, and penile vein. |
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What disease causes clinical signs of lameness, rough coat, weight loss, change in teeth and gums, nasal and ocular discharge, and effected limbs and joints in guinea pigs? |
Scurvy (hypovitaminosis C) |
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What disease causes the intestinal flora in guinea pigs to be drastically altered leading to an overgrowth of gram negative organisms? |
Antibiotic associated enterotoxemia |
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What teeth do guinea pigs have more problems with? |
Premolars and molars |
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What health condition causes clinical signs of the "slobbers" in guinea pigs? |
Maloclusions |
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The bacteria streptococcus causes what in guinea pigs? |
Cervical lympadenitis (lumps) |
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Why is cervical lymphadenitis easily recongnizable? |
Because the cervical masses contain pus |
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Where do chinchilla come from? |
South America |
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What kind of research are chinchillas used for? |
Hearing |
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What do chinchillas require daily to every other day? |
Dust baths |
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What Is unique about chinchilla fur? |
It is extremely luxurious and contains more fur per square inch than any other animal |
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Are chinchillas caprophagic? |
Yes |
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What can rough or inexperienced handling cause in chinchillas? |
Fur slips |
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How are chinchilla babies born? |
Precocious with teeth and open eyes and ears |
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What kind of medications are chinchillas sensitive to? |
Injectable meds |
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What kind of medications should be given to chinchillas? |
Oral |
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What can't chinchillas do? |
Vomit |
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What health condition causes clinical signs of retching, drooling, dyspnea, and anorexia? |
Choke and bloat |
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How do chinchillas lay when they have choke and bloat? |
On their sides |
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What disease can chinchillas get that causes hairballs? |
Trichobezoars |
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What is caused by a ring of fur around the penis in chinchillas? |
Fur ring and paraphimosis |
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What can African clawed frogs generate if lost? |
Limbs |
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What should be avoided when handling African clawed frogs? |
Disruption of its protective layer of mucus |
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What can induce health and distress in African clawed frogs? |
Environmental stresses |
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What health condition is caused by a bacterial infection in African clawed frogs? |
Red leg |
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Red leg causes high _______ and ______ in African clawed frogs. |
Morbidity and mortality |
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What health condition shows Clinical signs of hemorrhage in extermeties in African clawed frogs? |
Red leg |
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What health condition is characterized by subcutaneous fluid accumulation in African clawed frogs? |
Dropsy or bloat |
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Parrots, cockatoos, macaws, budgies, and cockatiels are what class of avians? |
Psittaformes |
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Finches, canaries, and mynahs are what class of avians? |
Passeriformes |
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What vein in the neck is used for blood collection in birds? |
Right jugular vein |
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What 2 veins are used in a bird's wing for blood collection? |
Brachioulnar vein or cutaneous ulnar vein |
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What 2 veins are used for blood collection in a bird's leg? |
Medial tibiotarsal or medial metatarsal veins |
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Where are IV catheters placed in birds? |
Wing or leg veins |
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Where are intraosseous catheters placed in birds? |
Proximal tibia or distal ulna |
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What muscle is IM injections typically used in birds? |
Pectoral muscle |
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What is used to cauterize a bird's beak after trimming? |
Hemostatic powder |
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What feathers should be checked before trimming? |
Blood feathers |
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What health condition in birds can cause abdominal distention, dyspnea, and hypocalcemic seizures? |
Egg binding |
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What health condition is caused by courtship behavior, lead poisoning, foreign body ingestion, and gastrointestinal problems? |
Regurgitating/vomiting |
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What dietary deficiency in birds is caused by not enough vitamin A in the diet which causes unhealthy mucous membranesan epithelium? |
Hypovitaminosis A |
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What dietary deficiency in birds is caused by not enough calcium from egg binding and metabolic bone disease? |
Hypocalcemia |
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What kind of toxins can be harmful to birds? |
Inhalants from household appliances or products, paints, and pesticides. |
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What classification of reptiles are turtles and tortoises in? |
Chelonia |
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What classification of reptiles are crocodiles, alligators, and caimans in? |
Crocodilia |
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What classification of reptiles are snakes in? |
Serpentes |
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What classification of reptiles are lizards in? |
Sauria |
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Why is taking temperatures of reptiles not useful? |
Reptiles are ectothermic |
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What spots can blood be collected from in lizards and chelonians? |
Ventral tail vein |
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What spots can blood be collected from in snakes? |
Dorsal and ventral buccal veins of the mouth |
What two areas in mouth |
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What spots can blood be collected from in chelonians? |
Right jugular vein and dorsal venous sinus of tail |
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Where can IV injections be injected in chelonians? |
Right jugular or cocccygeal vein |
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What spot can IV injections be injected in lizards? |
Ventral abdominal or tail vein |
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Where can IV injections be injected in snakes? |
Coccygeal or right jugular vein |
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Where should IM injections in chelonians and lizards take place? |
Front legs |
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Where should IM injections in snakes take place? |
Dorsal spacial muscles in cranial half |
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What disease is common in green iguanas and chameleons? |
Metabolic bone disease (hypocalcemia) |
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What disease comes with clinical signs such as fractures of long bones, thickened and swollen jaws and thing he in reptiles? |
Hypocalcemia |
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Where are prairie dogs native to? |
North America and the great plains |
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Why do prairie dogs require a large amount of roughage in their diet? |
They are hind gut fermenters |
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Prairie dogs are susceptible to what type of diseases? |
Zoonotic |
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Prairie dogs can be carrier's and serve and a reservoir for what disease? |
Yersinia pestis |
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How is yersinia pestis transmitted in prairie dogs? |
Through flea bites |
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What disease in prairie dogs causes lethargy, anorexia, depression, respitory distress, and lymphoadenopathy? |
Yersinia pestis |
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What virus caused a ban on the sale, transport, and display of prairie dogs in 2003? |
Monkeypox virus |
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What kind of tails do spiny mice have? |
Scaled tales |
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What kind of animals are sugar gliders? |
Marsupials |
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What does a female sugar gliders well developed pouch contain? |
4 teats |
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What kind of opening do sugar gliders have in the caudal end? |
Cloacas |
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What disease in sugar gliders cause diarrhea, anorexia, rectal prolapse, and constipation? |
Gastrointestinal disease |
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What are aggressive, biting and eating disorders called in sugar gliders? |
Polyphagia/polydipsia |
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These clinical symptoms cause what kind of disease in a sugar glider: coughing, wheezing, lethargy, dyspnea, increased lung sounds, inapetance, and nasal discharge? |
Respitory disease |
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What disease in sugar gliders causes lethargy,weakness, hind limb paralysis, hypothermia, tremors, ataxia, fractures, and seizures? |
Metabolic bone disease (hypocalcemia) |
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What are male ferrets called? |
Hobs |
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What are female ferrets called? |
Jills |
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What are castrated male ferrets called? |
Hobbles or gibs |
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What are spayed female ferrets called? |
Sprites |
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What are young ferrets called? |
Kits |
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What disease in ferrets causes symmetrical alopecia, muscle atrophy, pruritus, vulvar enlargement in females, increased aggression and musky odor, and prostatis in males? |
Hyperadrenocorticism (adrenal disease) |
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What disease in ferrets causes anorexia, weight loss, lethargy, and palpable lymph nodes or nodules on liver and spleen? |
Lymphoma |
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What disease in ferrets causes episodic signs of weakness, ataxia, seizures, and sudden collapse with frequent recovery? |
Insulinoma |
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What are the most common insulin secreting tumors in ferrets? |
Neoplasia |
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What human viruses are ferrets susceptible to? |
Human influenza |
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What disease in ferrets cause swollen vulva, alopecia, petechial hemorage, anorexia, pale mucous membranes, and marked depression? |
Aplastic anemia |
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Female ferrets that are not bred and undergo prolonged periods of estrus contribute to what disease? |
Aplastic anemia |
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What kind of mites are ferrets susceptible to? |
Fleas, heartworms, ear mites, and sarcoptic mange |
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