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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
starch digestion begins in the mouth by the enzyme ___
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salivary amylase
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the stomach has ___ cells that produce hydrochloric acid to aid in killing microorganisms and protien digestion
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perietal
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the stomach has ___ cells that produce mucous protecting the stomach lining from the acidity of the hydrochloric acid
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goblet
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the chief cells of the stomach produce ___ which aids in protien digestion
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pepsinogen
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protien in the stomach that aids in absorption of B12
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intrinsic factor
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the only thing absorbed in the stomach is:
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water
few ions some drugs |
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the main function of the stomach is to liquify food into ___ which is a semi-solid
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chyme
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when pepsinogen is combined with hydrochloric acid in the stomach, the pepsinogen is converted into __.
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pepsin
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alcholics lack intrinsic factor to absorb B12 and are susceptible to _____
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pernicious anemia
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___ hydrolyzes fatty acids from triglycerides
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gastric lipase
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there are no __ digestive enzymes in the stomach
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starch
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the _____ of the inferior stomach, prevents backflow of chyme from the intestine
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phyloric sphincter
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the small intestine consists of:
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duodenum
jejunum ileum cecum |
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food is moved along the small intestine by ___ which is a wave like contraction of the smooth muscle
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peristalsis
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in the small intestine, ___, ___, ___, and ___ are enzymes which aid in starch digestion
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pancreatic amylase
sucrase lactase maltase |
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hydrolyzes protiens and polypeptides in the sm intestine
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trypsin
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in sm intestine, ___ hydrolyzes fatty acids from triglycerides
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pancreatic lipase
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in sm intestine, ___ hydrolyzes lecithin into fatty acids and monoglycerides
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lecithinase
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Any Vitamin K that is absorbed by the bacterial flora goes to the liver to produce ___, necessary for blood clotting
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prothrombin
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blood goes into the liver through the __ artery and is carried away by the ____ vein.
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hepatic
hepatic portal |
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bile is produced by the ___ and stored by the ___.
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liver
gallbladder |
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bile contains ____ acids which emulsify fats
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ampiphilic
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breakdown of hemoglobin in RBC by the liver
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bilirubin
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In patients with liver disfunction the liver will not break down the bilirubin and it builds up in the bloodstream causing the patient to become __.
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jaundice
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the spincter of __ controls the flow of bile out of the gallbladder and is joined with the pancreatic duct into the small intestine
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oddi
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bone, cartilage, and connective tissues are derived form the ___
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mesenchyme
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4 type of bones:
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short
long flat irregular |
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long bones have an __ at either end and a __ which surrounds each medulliary cavity
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epiphysis
diaphysis |
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the __ surrounds and protects the bone
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periosteum
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tendons attach __ to __
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bones to muscle
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ligaments attach __ to __
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bone to bone
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the spinal column contains __cervical, __thoracic, __lumbar, __sacral,and __ coccygeal vertebrae.
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7 cervical
12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4-5 coccygeal |
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the axial skeleton contains:
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skull
spinal column sternum ribs |
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c1 is named the __ which allows for an up and down motion of the head
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atlas
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c2 is named the __ which allows for a side to side motion of the head
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axis
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the endocrine glands are __ and produce hormones
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ductless
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The pancreatic endocrine portion consists of the isles of Langerhans which has alpha cells that produce __ and beta cells that produce __
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glucagon
insulin |
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the exocrine portion of the pancreas produces pancreatic fluid made up of:
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sodium bicarbonate (neutralizes ph)
pancreatic lipase (hydrolize fats into fatty acids and monoglycerides) pancreatic amylase (hydrolyze starches into maltose) protease (digest protiens) |
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the largest lyphoid organ is the __ that functions to filter out old RBC
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spleen
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the __ is located below the sternum and can not be palpated. It is divided into two parts the cortex and the medulla
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thymus
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the medulla of the thymus is invoved with maturing lymphocytes into __ cells. the medulla is most active in childhood and atrophies with age
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T cells
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the hypothalamus produces __ and __ hormones
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oxytocin
antidiuretic |
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The nephrons of the glomerulus is surrounded by the ___
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bowmans capsule
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the heart starts beating in utero at __ days
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22
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in utero there is an opening between the two atria called the ___ because the lungs are not yet functioning an the blood is oxygenated via the placenta
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fossa ovalis
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The heart has the ability to conduct electricity therefore it has specialized cells that is involuntary striated muscle and myocardial cells joined together by ___
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intercalated discs
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layers of the heart from exterior to interior
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pericardial sac
epicardium myocardium endocardium |
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in dentistry, patients for the bacterial infection, ___ must be premedicated with an antibiotic
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endocarditis
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arteries always carry oxygenated blood with the exception of the __ arteries
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pulmonary
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viens always carry deoxygenated blood with the exception of the __ veins.
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pulmonary
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the valve from the right atrium to the right ventricle is called:
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tricuspid valve
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all four chambers of the heart are never in systole at once...
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all 4 valves are never open at once
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bradycardia is when the heart beat is lower than __ beats per minute
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60
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tachycardia is when the heart beat is higher than 100 beats per minute
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100
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bodys natural pacemaker
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sa node
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the electrical current of the heart travels from the SA node to the ___. From there it is transmitted to the bundle of his which divides and then it travels to the ____.
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AV node
Purkinge fibers |
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the __ nervous system increases the heart rate and the __ nervous system decreases the heart rate.
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sympathetic
parasympathetic |
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the upper resperatory tract consists of:
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nose
pharynx larynx |
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the lower resperatory tract consists of:
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trachea
bronchi bronchioles alveoli |