Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
joints
|
articulations of bones (where they come together)
|
|
functions of joints
|
hold bones together; allow for mobility
|
|
ways joints are classified
|
functionally; structurally
|
|
functional (amount of movement) classification of joints
|
synarthroses; amphiarthroses; diarthroses
|
|
synarthroses
|
immovable joints
|
|
amphiarthroses
|
slightly moveable joints
|
|
diarthroses
|
freely moveable joints
|
|
structural classification of joints
|
fibrous joints (generally immovable); cartilaginous joints(immovable or slightly moveable); synovial joints (freely moveable)
|
|
fibrous joints
|
bones united by fibrous tissue
examples: sutures, syndesmoses (allows more movement than sutures; ex. distal end of tibia and fibula) |
|
cartilaginous joints
|
bones connected by cartilage
examples: pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints, epiphyseal plates (b/w ribs and sternum) |
|
synovial joints
|
articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity; synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity (b/w long bones; withstand most friction and pressure)
|
|
features of synovial joints
|
articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones; joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule; have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid; ligaments reinforce the joint
|
|
structures associated with the synovial joint
|
bursae; tendon sheath
|
|
bursae
|
flattened fibrous sacs; lined with synovial membranes; filled with synovial fluid; not actually part of the joint
|
|
tendon sheath
|
elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon
|
|
dislocation
|
bone is forced out of its normal position in joint cavity
|
|
types of synovial joints
|
plane; hinge; pivot; condyloid; saddle; ball-and-socket
|
|
plane joint
|
glide; carpals
|
|
hinge joint
|
fingers, elbow, ankle
1 axis |
|
pivot joint
|
atlas and axis
|
|
condyloid joint
|
knuckles; oval fits into oval
|
|
saddle joint
|
convex/concave parts
|
|
ball-and-socket joint
|
shoulder and hip
|
|
inflammatory conditions associated with joints
|
sprain; bursitis; tendonitis; arthritis
|
|
sprain
|
ligaments/tendons are damaged by stretching or torn away from bone (heal slowly)
|
|
bursitis
|
inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction
|
|
tendonitis
|
inflammation of tendon sheaths
|
|
arthritis
|
inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints (over 100 different types; most widespread crippling disease in U.S. 1/7)
|
|
clinical forms of arthritis
|
osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis; gouty arthritis
|
|
osteoarthritis
|
articular cartilage; most common chronic arthritis; probably related to normal aging processes
|
|
rheumatoid arthritis
|
synovial membranes; an autoimmune disease (immune system attacks the joints); symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of certain joints (both sides); often leads to deformities (scar tissue turns into bone)
|
|
gouty arthritis
|
inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of urate (uric acid) crystals from the blood; can usually be controlled with diet
|