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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Dynamics are a result of exeranal distruptions |
•Volume Changes •Service and Product Mix Changes •Late Deliveries •Underfilled shipments |
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dynamics are result of internal distruptions |
•Internally Generated Shortages •Engineering Changes •Order Batching •New Service or Production Introductions •Service or Product Promotions •Information Errors |
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Supply Chain Integration |
The effective coordination ofs upply chain processes through the seamless flow of information up and down the supply chain. |
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•SCOR Model |
A framwork that focuses on a basic supply chain of plan, source, make, deliver, and return process, repeated again and again along the supply cahin |
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Supply chain risk management |
The practice of managing the risk of any factor or event that can materially disturb a supply chain, whether withen a single firmor across multiple firms |
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Bullwhip effect |
The phenomenon in supply chains whereby ordering patterns experience increasing variance as you proceed upstream in the chain |
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New service or product development process |
1) Design- it links the cration of new servies or products to the corporate strategy of the firm and defines the requirements for the firm's supply chain 2) Analysis- involves a critical review of the new offering and how it will be produced to make sure that it fits the corporate strategy, is compatible with regulatory standards, presents an acceptable market risk and stisfies the needs of the intended customers 3) development- The required competitive prioriteies are used as inputs to the design (or redesign) of the processes that will be involved in delivering the new offering 5) Full Launch- promotions for the new offering must be initiated, slaes personnel briefed, distribution processes activated, and old services or products that the new offering is to replace withdrawn |
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concurrent engineeering |
A concept that brings product engineers, process engineers, marketers, buyers, information specialists, quality specialists, and suppliers together to design a product and the processses that will meet customer expectations |
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Supplier Relationship Process |
focuses on the ineraction of the firm with upstream suppliers, includes five major nested processes 1) sourcing 2) design collaboration 3) negotiation 4) buying 5) information exchange |
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Purchasing |
The activity that decides the suppliers to use, negotiates contracts, maintains information flows and determine whether to buy locally |
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Sourcing |
The sourcing process is involved in the selection, certification and evaluation of suppliers and, in general, the management of supply contracts Supplier selection: preform a total cost analysis, there are four key costs to consider 1) material costs |
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green purchasing |
The process of identifying, assessing, and managing the flow of environmental wast and finding ways to reduce it and minimize its impact on the enviorment |
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Design collaboration |
This process focuses on jointly designing new services or products with key suppliers; tifacilitates concurrent engineering by drawing key suppliers into the new service/ product development process, particularly in the design and development stages |
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Early supplier involvement |
A program that includes suppliers in the design phase of a service or product. Suppliers provide suggestions for desgin changes and materials choices that willl result in more efficient operations and higher quality |
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Presourcing |
Whereby suppliers are selected early in a product's concept developemnt stage and are given significant, if not total, responsibility for the design of certain components or systems of the product. presourced suppliers also take resonsibility for the cost, quality and on-time delivery of the items they produce |
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Value analysis |
which is a systematic effort to reduce the cost or improve the performance of servies or products either purchaed or produced |
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Competitive orientation |
A supplier relation that views negotiations between buyer and seller as a zero-sum game: Whatever one side loses, the other side gains, and short-term advatages are prized over long term commitments |
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Cooperative Orientation |
A supplier relation in which the buyer and seller are partners, each helping the other as much as possible |
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Sole sourcing |
The awarding of a contract for a service or item to only one supplier |
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) |
A technology that enables the transmission of routine business document having a standard format from computer to computer over telephone or direct leased lines |
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Catalog hubs |
A system whereby suppliers post their catalog of items on the internet and buyers select what they need and purchase them electronically |
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Exchange |
An electronic marketplace where buying firms and selling firms come together to do business |
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Auction |
A marketplace where firms place competitive bids to buy something |
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Centralized buying |
Advantages: increases purchasing power by creating a situation where suppliers are economically dependent on the buyer. significant savings. Increased buyer power Disadvantages: loss of control at the local level. longer lead times |
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Localized buying |
Advatage when the firm has major facilites in foregin countries becasue the managers there, often foreign nations, have a much better understanding of the local culture than staff members at the home offices |
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radio frequency identification |
A method for identifying items through the use of ratio signals |
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Vendor-managed inventories |
A system in which the supplier has access to the customer's inventory data and is responsible for maintaining th inventory on the customer's site For them to suceed you need: Collaborative effort, Cost savings, Customer service, Written agreement |
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Order Fulfillment Process |
1) Customer demad planning 2) supply planning 3) production 4) logistics |
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Five imprtant decisions that determine the design and implementation of logistics process |
1) degree of ownership 2) facility location 3) mode selection 4) capacity level 5) amount of cross-docking |
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Cross-docking |
The packing of products on incoming shipment so that they can be easily sorted at intermediate warehouses for outgoing shipments based on their final destinations |
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Internet provides the following advatages for order placement |
1) Cost Reduction 2) Revenue Flow Increase 3) Global Access 4) Pricing Flexibility |
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Ways to prevent operational Risks |
1) Stratiegic alignment 2) Upstream/downstream supply chain interagration 3) Visibility 4) Flexibibilty and redundancy 5) Short replenishment lead times 6) Small order lot sizes 7) Rationing short suppplies 8) Everyday low pricing 9) Cooperation and trustworthiness |
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Hedging |
A supply chain risk management strategy used in limiting or offsetting the probability of loss from fluctions in the prices of commodities or currenies |
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Futures contract |
A contractual agreement, generally made on the trading floor of a futures exchange, to buy or sell a particular commodity or financial instrument at a pre-determined price in the future |
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Ways to prevent security risks |
1) Access control 2) Physical security 3) Shipping and receiving 4) Trasportaion service provider |
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ISO blah |
A set of requirements for a supply cain security management system that includes aspects of financing, manufacturing, information systems and the facilities for packing, storing and transferring goods between modes of transportation and locations |
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To achieve sustainability |
1) Envioronmental protection 2) Productivity Improvement 3) Risk minimization 4) Innovation |
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Three elements of supply cahin sustainability |
1) Financial responsibility 2) Environmental responsibility 3) Social responsibility |
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Humanitarian Logistics |
The process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of goos and materials, as well as related information, from the point of orgin to the point of consumpiton for the the purpouse of alleiating the suffering of vulnrable people |
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Reverse logistics |
The process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow of products, materials, and information from the point of consupetion back the point of origin for returns, repair, reamanufacture or recycling |
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Closed-loop supply chain |
A supply chain that integrates formad logistics with reverse logistics, therby focusing on the complete cahin of operations from the birth to the death of a product |
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Carbon footprint |
The total amount of greehouse gasses produced to support operations, usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide |
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Route planning |
An activity that seeks to find the shortest route to deliver a service or product |
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Shorterst route problem |
A problem whose objective is to find the shortest distance between two cities in a network or map |
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Traveling salesman problem |
A problem whose objective is to find the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the starting city |
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Firms using 3PLs to get their materials or products to their customers must pay a freight rate based on six factors |
1) The freight density 2) The sipment's weight 3) The distance the shipment is moving 4) The commodity's susceptibility to damage 5) The value of the commodity 6) The commodity's loadability and handling characteristics |
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intermodal shipments |
Mixing the modes of transportation for a given shipment, such as moving shipping containers or truck trailers on rail cars. |
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SA8000:2014 |
A list of tandards vovering nine dimensions of ethical workforce management |
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__________ is represented by a company that offers to collect its products from its customers for no charge when those customers want to dispose of them. |
Take Back |
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The ethical standard that states that wages paid for a standard work week must meet the legal and industry standards and be sufficient to meet the basic need of workers and their families is called |
remuneration |
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The total amount of greenhouse gasses produced to support their operations is called a company's |
Carbon footprint |
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Which of the following is a reason why supply chain complexity has the potential to cause disruptions in the supply of materials, products, and services? |
increases in the dependencies between supply chain entities |
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Supply chain integration |
-.includes its suppliers earlier into the design of new services or products. -strives to work with its customers and suppliers -ensures that everyone benefits from improved flows of services, materials, and information. |
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To avoid costly mismatches between the design of a new offering and the capability of the processes and supply chain required to produce it, many firms engage in a concept called |
concurrent engineering |
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Which of the following statements is true regarding vendor-managed inventories (VMI)? |
Suppliers and customers eliminate the need for excess inventory through better operational planning. |
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he percent of business lost because of supply chain disruptions is typically a measure of supply chain performance for which core process? |
customer relationship |
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Everyday low pricing (EDLP) reduces the risk for operational disruptions through |
discouraging customers from buying excess stock. |
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What do all processes have? |
Inputs and Outputs |
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Selecting the transportation mode (train, ship, truck, airplane, or pipeline) and scheduling both in-bound and outbound shipments is typically accomplished by which supply chain process? |
logistics |
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Decisions that tend to focus on the entire organization, cutting across departmental lines, and have long-term consequences are called |
Stratigic |
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Which of the following scenarios illustrates an order winner? |
Ken had always been fascinated by shiny objects, so he plucked the chrome-plated thermos from the shelf and raced to the nearest checkout line. |
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A firm has the least amount of control over external causes of supply-chain dynamics. External causes include |
expected supply chain demand |
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For the manufacturing firm, tier 2 suppliers provide ______________ with components. |
1 tier |
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The firm that allows customers to select from a variety of standard options to create the service or product of their choice is practicing |
Mass customization |
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Backward integration is achieved through |
the purchase of a controlling interest in the firm's supplier. |
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Offshoring is usually at a disadvantage to a more local process approach in the area of |
access to new markets. |
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Pitfalls that should be carefully explored before outsourcing include |
-the firm with a technology advantage may be setting up the other firm to be a future competitor -deciding to outsource a process before making a good-faith effort to fix the existing one -it is difficult to fully integrate outsourced processes with the firm's other processes. |
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Vendor managed inventories are |
an extreme case of forward inventory placement. |