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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In what city did Islam begin?
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Mecca
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Where did Charles Martel and the Franks successfully defeat the Muslim invasion of Europe?
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Battle of Tours (France)
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Where were "Arabic" numerals first developed?
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India (during the Gupta Dynasty)
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What is a caliph?
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successor to Muhammad (ruler)
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What is a hajj?
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pilgrimage to Mecca (one of the 5 Pillars)
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Who is the final prophet of Islam?
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Muhammad
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What is the Quran?
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the holy book for Muslims; God's word to Muhammad
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What are the three monotheistic religions that share many beliefs?
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Judaism, Christianity and Islam
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What word refers to someone who practices Islam?
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Muslim
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What does "Islam" mean?
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submission/sacrifice to God
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What are the Five Pillars in general terms?
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they are the five duties that Muslims must follow
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What are the Five Pillars in specific terms?
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faith/belief
fast during Ramadan give alms/charity make a pilgrimage/hajj to Mecca pray 5 times a day |
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What is Ramadan?
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the holiest month for Muslims
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What caused th Sunni-Shi'a schism?
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differences over the rightfully successor to Muhammad
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Why was the Battle of Tours important?
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it prevented Muslim expansion into Europe; preserved Christianity in Europe
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Why were Muslims successful in their expansion?
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united by faith
weaknesses of other empires skilled and well-organized military |
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What were the results of Muslim expansion?
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increased trade; destruction of Byzantine and Persian Empires, increased conflict with Christianity and Judaism
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What area did Islam expand into from 632 to 1200 AD?
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Spain, North Africa, southwest Asia
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Why did Muslims expand into sub-Saharan and western Africa?
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trade (gold for salt)
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Where did Islam begin?
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Arabian Peninsula
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What language unifies the people of the Muslim faith?
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Arabic
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What are the holy cities for Muslims?
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Mecca, Medina, Damascus, Jerusalem, Baghdad
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In which fields did Muslim scholars make many achievements?
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medicine (pharmacies, continued scientific exploration of sicknesses), math (esp. Algebra and Arabic numerals), architecture, literature, calligraphy
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What is the Dome of the Rock?
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holy site for Jews and Muslims where Muslims believe Muhammad rose to heaven
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Who is Allah?
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Muslim name for God
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What was the name of the great Byzantine Emperor who codified Roman laws?
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Justinian
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What were four geographical advantages of Constantinople?
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easily protected, distant from Germanic invaders, easily fortified peninsula, it had great harbors, it was the crossroads of east-west and north-south trade, proxmity to the Silk Road
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Define proximity
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closeness
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Who moved the Roman capital to Byzantium?
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Constantine
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What city served as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire?
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Constantinople
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What cultures were preserved by the Byzantine Empire?
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Greek and Roman
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What was the primary language of the Byzantine Empire?
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Greek
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What is a schism?
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a split or division, usually religious
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What was the most important unifying force in the Byzantine Empire?
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Eastern Orthodox Christianity
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What "new religion" was formed as a result of the East-West Schism?
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Eastern Orthodox Christianity
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Describe the power of the Byzantine Emperor?
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supreme power over government, religion and law
totalitarian |
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Who was Cyril?
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An Orthodox missionary who spread Eatern Orthodox Christianity to the people of Eastern Euopre, especially the Rus
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What were three Byzantine architectural/artistic acccomplishments?
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mosaics, dome, icons, Hagia Sophia
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What was the name of the Byzantine emperor who reconquered many Roman lands?
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Justinian
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What was the name of the Byzantine Emperor who greatly expanded trade?
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Justinian
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Who was the Christian missionary who adopted a Slavic alphabet and spread it to Eastern Europe?
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Cyril
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What language was used by later Byzantine emperors?
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Greek
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What factors produced the schims between the Roman Church and the Byzantine Church?
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Latin v Greek
pope v patriarch celibacy v non-celibacy icons v no icons |
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What is an icon?
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a religious picture or symbol of spiritual importance
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What is celibacy
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no sexual relations/no marriage
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Where was the Eastern Church centered?
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Constantinople
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Where was the Western Church centered?
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Rome
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