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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is form?
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describes the overall structure of a musical composition or performance
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What is blues form?
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Singular musical section made up of 3 phrases.
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Repetition
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The presentation of the same musical material in two parts of a composition
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Contrast
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The introuductino of different musical material.
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What are the nine points to remember when listening?
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General Style
Instrumentation Personability of Performance Rhythm players Influences Standard song form or Improvised? Melody singable or instrumental? Who is the musical focus? What is the social context? |
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WHat are the point of the listening guide form?
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Melody
Tempo Meter Rhythm/Style Harmony Texture Instrumental Color Form Size/type of Group Mood or Feeling Jazz Style Piano Techniques Bass Techniques Drum Techniques Other Jazz Influences |
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describe different types of melody
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parts with jazz interpretation
parts improvised all parts improvised use blues tones ornamented melody |
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types of rhythm/style
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ballad
medium swing fast swing latin bossa nova shufffle swing |
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types of harmony
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relaxed (not complex)
slow moving uses IV to I (funky) Tense (complex) Fast chord progressions Modal |
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types of Texture
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vertical (homophonic, harmonic)
hroizontal (polyphonic, melodic) |
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types of mood/feeling
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Frantic, driving
Happy Low key, understatement Rough, aggressive Soulful Sweet, calm, smooth Detatched |
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types of bass techniques
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two beat
four beat with repeated notes walking bass free |
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drum techniques
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backbeat
flat four bombs rides the cymbal syncopated accents |
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What is trading fours?
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When two improvising instrumentalists play solo parts on alternating four bars. In short, they respond to each other's musical thoughts.
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What is the famous field in new orleans?
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congo square
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What are the famous cries from the slave fields?
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Field hollers
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Who is the most famous female gospel singer?
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Mahalia Jackson
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What is the most popular form of blues?
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12 musical measures
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What is the meter used for most blues lyrics?
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Iambic pentameter
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What is the typical form for blues lyrics?
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AAB
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What are the spaces between lyrics that are only played by instruments?
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fill-ins
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Name an important country blues singer-guitarist.
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Robert Johnson
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What is a difference between country and city blues?
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City blues seem to be more rhythmic, more crisp, than country blues. Most country blues singers accompanied thesmelves on guitar, whereas urban blues performers often used fairly elaborate accompaniment, including that of jazz musicians like Louis Armstrong.
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Name some important city blues singers.
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Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey
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Who is Billie Holiday?
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A cross-genre singer, associated with city blues.
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How is ragtime played?
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Left hand -bass/rhythm while right hand is used for highly syncopated melodic lines
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How many themes did a typical ragtime piece have and what stress did each theme have?
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4 themes and even
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Who was the most prolific composer of ragtime music and what was his most famous song?
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Scott Joplin and Maple Leaf Rag
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Who was the most famous ragtime piano player?
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Jelly Roll Morton
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What are the three basic differences between stride piano and ragtime piano?
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1. Stride players were not concerned with ragtime form. They played popular tunes of the day and any other kind of music that appealed to them.
2. Original ragtime was a composed music, whereas stride piano players were often very proficient improvisers and used this element in their performance. 3. The feeling of stride music was intense because, in general, stride pianists played faster and with much more drive than the more relaxed players of ragtime. |
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Who is considered to be the father of stride piano?
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James P. Johnson
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Who is considered to be the best/most versatile piano player in the history of jazz?
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Art Tatum
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What is the signature of boogie woogie style of piano playing?
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the eight beats to a measure that are played as an astinato, the term for a melodic figure that recurs throughout the music.
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What is the difference between ragtime and dixieland?
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Ragtime is a solo piano music, while dixieland is an ensemble type of music.
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What type of rhythm did dixieland play?
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flat four
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What is the customary structure of dixieland music?
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Ensemble chorus, the solo chorus, and a return to the ensemble.
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Who was Louis Armstrong's mentor ?
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Joe "King" Oliver
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What was Armstrong's most famous song?
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Hello Dolly
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What features distinguish the Chicago style?
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1. a saxophone was added
2. guitar replaced banjo 3. fairly elaborate introductions and endings were common 4. ease and relaxation in playing style gaw way to tension and drive. 5. individual solos became more important than the collective imporvisation of ensemble sections. 6. rhythm change dfrom 44 to 24 |
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Terms to describe melody
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HIgh, low, smooth, jagged, scalem skips, key, diatonic, and chromatic
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Terms to describe texture
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thick, thin, few instruments, many instruments, homophonic, and polyphonic
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Terms to describe form
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repetition, contrast, theme, variation, imitation, section, part, three parts, and improvisation
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Terms to describe tone
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soft, smooth, forceful, powerful, etc.
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What is vibrato?
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The pulsating effect produced by small rapid variations in pitch. Most jazz uses vibrato for warmth and interpretation in imitating the human voice.
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What is trading fours?
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When two improvising instrumentalists play solo parts on alternating four bars.
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What are field hollers?
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A secret means of communication among slaves while they worked in the fields somtimes called field cries.
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What is polyphonic?
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The simultaneous sounding of two or more melodies of equal importance.
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What was a difference between country and urban blues singers?
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Most country blues singers were men, while most urban blues singers were women.
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Who was a significant stride pianist?
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"Fats" Waller (and James P. Johnson)
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What is ostinato?
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A clear melodic and/or rhythmic figure that is persistently repeated.
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Who was the last person to be called king?
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Joe "King" Oliver
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Who was Sidney Bechet?
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the first jazz artist to achieve fame through the use of the soprano saxophone
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Name an important trombonist of early jazz?
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Kid Ory
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Who was Bix Beiderbecke?
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a famous white early jazz trumpeter
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